Gene description for GNAL
Gene name guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating activity polypeptide, olfactory type
Gene symbol GNAL
Other names/aliases DYT25
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - GNAL
ExoCarta ExoCarta_2774
Vesiclepedia VP_2774
Entrez Gene 2774
HGNC 4388
MIM 139312
UniProt P38405  
 GNAL identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Mesenchymal stem cells Unpublished / Not applicable
Neuroblastoma cells 25944692    
Prostate cancer cells 25844599    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
 Gene ontology annotations for GNAL
Molecular Function
    G protein-coupled receptor binding GO:0001664 IBA
    GTPase activity GO:0003924 IBA
    G protein activity GO:0003925 ISS
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    GTP binding GO:0005525 IEA
    adenylate cyclase regulator activity GO:0010854 ISS
    G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding GO:0031683 IBA
    metal ion binding GO:0046872 IEA
Biological Process
    signal transduction GO:0007165 TAS
    adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0007189 ISS
    adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway GO:0007191 IBA
    sensory perception of chemical stimulus GO:0007606 IBA
    sensory perception of smell GO:0007608 ISS
Subcellular Localization
    cytoplasm GO:0005737 IBA
    heterotrimeric G-protein complex GO:0005834 IBA
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 ISS
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 TAS
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 HDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified GNAL in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 126
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
GAPDH
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry [LTQ-FT Ultra]
PubMed ID Unpublished / Not applicable
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes: The Future MSC-based Therapy?
Authors "Ruenn Chai Lai, Ronne Wee Yeh Yeo, Soon Sim Tan, Bin Zhang, Yijun Yin, Newman Siu Kwan Sze, Andre Choo, and Sai Kiang Lim"
Journal name Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy
Publication year 2011
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name huES9.E1
Isolation/purification methods HPLC
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Antobody array
Mass spectrometry
2
Experiment ID 224
MISEV standards
✔
EM|AFM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|CD63|CD81
Enriched markers
✔
GOLGA2
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25944692    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteogenomic analysis reveals exosomes are more oncogenic than ectosomes
Authors "Keerthikumar S, Gangoda L, Liem M, Fonseka P, Atukorala I, Ozcitti C, Mechler A, Adda CG, Ang CS, Mathivanan S"
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Neuroblastoma cells
Sample name SH-SY5Y
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient
Flotation density 1.10 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
3
Experiment ID 274
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|RAB5A|CD9|CD82|CD63|CD81
Enriched markers
✔
AIF
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25844599    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Molecular profiling of prostate cancer derived exosomes may reveal a predictive signature for response to docetaxel.
Authors "Kharaziha P, Chioureas D, Rutishauser D, Baltatzis G, Lennartsson L, Fonseca P, Azimi A, Hultenby K, Zubarev R, Ullen A, Yachnin J, Nilsson S, Panaretakis T."
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Prostate cancer cells
Sample name DU145 - Docetaxel resistant
Isolation/purification methods Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.18 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Flow cytometry
Western blotting
4
Experiment ID 193
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD63|CD9
Enriched markers
✔
PHB
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
5
Experiment ID 194
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✘ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of basement membrane nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
6
Experiment ID 195
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✘ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of early IgA nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for GNAL
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 FNDC5  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
2 Haus1  
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
3 ANLN 54443
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 BABAM1 29086
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 KIF20A 10112
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 CUL3 8452
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
7 GNAS 2778
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
8 CHMP4B 128866
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
9 MAGED2 10916
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
10 CHIA  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
11 ECT2 1894
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
12 USP3 9960
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
13 SPATA2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
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