Gene description for PKLR
Gene name pyruvate kinase, liver and RBC
Gene symbol PKLR
Other names/aliases PK1
PKL
PKR
PKRL
RPK
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - PKLR
ExoCarta ExoCarta_5313
Vesiclepedia VP_5313
Entrez Gene 5313
HGNC 9020
MIM 609712
UniProt P30613  
 PKLR identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Cholangiocarcinoma cells 31054213    
Cholangiocarcinoma cells 31054213    
Mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Neuroblastoma cells 25944692    
Squamous carcinoma cells 20124223    
Urine 19056867    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
 Gene ontology annotations for PKLR
Molecular Function
    magnesium ion binding GO:0000287 IEA
    pyruvate kinase activity GO:0004743 IBA
    pyruvate kinase activity GO:0004743 NAS
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    ATP binding GO:0005524 IEA
    kinase activity GO:0016301 IEA
    potassium ion binding GO:0030955 IEA
    monosaccharide binding GO:0048029 IEA
Biological Process
    response to hypoxia GO:0001666 IEA
    glycolytic process GO:0006096 IBA
    glycolytic process GO:0006096 IEA
    glycolytic process GO:0006096 NAS
    response to nutrient GO:0007584 IEA
    response to glucose GO:0009749 IEA
    response to metal ion GO:0010038 IEA
    cellular response to insulin stimulus GO:0032869 IBA
    response to ATP GO:0033198 IEA
    pyruvate biosynthetic process GO:0042866 IEA
    response to cAMP GO:0051591 IEA
    cellular response to epinephrine stimulus GO:0071872 IEA
Subcellular Localization
    cytoplasm GO:0005737 IBA
    cytosol GO:0005829 TAS
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 HDA
    pyruvate kinase complex GO:1902912 IDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified PKLR in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 1221
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|GAPDH
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 31054213    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Phosphoproteome Profiling of Isogenic Cancer Cell-Derived Exosome Reveals HSP90 as a Potential Marker for Human Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors "Weeraphan C, Phongdara A, Chaiyawat P, Diskul-Na-Ayudthaya P, Chokchaichamnankit D, Verathamjamras C, Netsirisawan P, Yingchutrakul Y, Roytrakul S, Champattanachai V, Svasti J, Srisomsap C."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2019
Sample Cholangiocarcinoma cells
Sample name KKU-M213
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
2
Experiment ID 1222
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|GAPDH
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 31054213    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Phosphoproteome Profiling of Isogenic Cancer Cell-Derived Exosome Reveals HSP90 as a Potential Marker for Human Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors "Weeraphan C, Phongdara A, Chaiyawat P, Diskul-Na-Ayudthaya P, Chokchaichamnankit D, Verathamjamras C, Netsirisawan P, Yingchutrakul Y, Roytrakul S, Champattanachai V, Svasti J, Srisomsap C."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2019
Sample Cholangiocarcinoma cells
Sample name KKU-M213D5
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 488
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD9|CD81|CD63|GAPDH|SDCBP|LAMP1|TFRC|UCHL1|FLOT2|LAMP2|FLOT1|ICAM1|RAB5B|CD151|RAB35|TSG101|RAB5A|CD82
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name UCMSC
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
4
Experiment ID 224
MISEV standards
✔
EM|AFM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|CD63|CD81
Enriched markers
✔
GOLGA2
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25944692    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteogenomic analysis reveals exosomes are more oncogenic than ectosomes
Authors "Keerthikumar S, Gangoda L, Liem M, Fonseka P, Atukorala I, Ozcitti C, Mechler A, Adda CG, Ang CS, Mathivanan S"
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Neuroblastoma cells
Sample name SH-SY5Y
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient
Flotation density 1.10 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
5
Experiment ID 191
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|CD81|CD9
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 20124223    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hypoxic tumor cell modulates its microenvironment to enhance angiogenic and metastatic potential by secretion of proteins and exosomes.
Authors "Park JE, Tan HS, Datta A, Lai RC, Zhang H, Meng W, Lim SK, Sze SK."
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2010
Sample Squamous carcinoma cells
Sample name Squamous carcinoma cell (A431)
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
6
Experiment ID 63
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
AQP2
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19056867    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
Authors "Gonzales PA, Pisitkun T, Hoffert JD, Tchapyjnikov D, Star RA, Kleta R, Wang NS, Knepper MA"
Journal name JASN
Publication year 2009
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LTQ]
Western blotting
7
Experiment ID 193
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD63|CD9
Enriched markers
✔
PHB
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
8
Experiment ID 194
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✘ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of basement membrane nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
9
Experiment ID 195
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✘ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of early IgA nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for PKLR
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 SBDS 51119
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
2 OTUD5 55593
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
3 TFCP2 7024
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 CLIP1 6249
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 TMEM69  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 DVL2 1856
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
7 KIF14 9928
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
8 USPL1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
9 CPNE7 27132
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
10 PAK1 5058
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
11 WWOX 51741
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
12 USP3 9960
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
13 NT5DC1 221294
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
14 PAICS 10606
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
15 UBA52 7311
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
16 PI15  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
17 PTBP1 5725
Affinity Capture-RNA Homo sapiens
Protein-RNA Homo sapiens
18 SRD5A2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
19 FCER1A  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
20 LRRC3B  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
21 PCGF3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
22 MRAS 22808
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
23 ISX  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
24 PCNA 5111
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
25 EFNA3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
26 CLEC4G  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
27 RASL11A  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
28 YAP1 10413
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
29 KIF23 9493
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
30 CYP4B1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
31 PXN 5829
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
32 ODF3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
33 RFXANK  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
34 SPIN4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
35 EEF1A2 1917
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
36 UBE2J2 118424
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
37 KRAS 3845
Synthetic Lethality Homo sapiens
38 ARHGEF6 9459
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
39 PKM 5315
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
40 SEPHS1 22929
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
41 CUL4A 8451
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
42 DKK2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
View the network image/svg+xml



Perform bioinformatics analysis of your extracellular vesicle data set using FunRich, a open access standalone tool. NEW UPDATED VERSION OF FunRich available for download (12/09/2016) from here