Gene description for TUBB4A
Gene name tubulin, beta 4A class IVa
Gene symbol TUBB4A
Other names/aliases DYT4
TUBB4
beta-5
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - TUBB4A
ExoCarta ExoCarta_10382
Vesiclepedia VP_10382
Entrez Gene 10382
HGNC 20774
MIM 602662
UniProt P04350  
 TUBB4A identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Colorectal cancer cells 17956143    
Colorectal cancer cells 19837982    
Colorectal cancer cells 22740476    
Colorectal cancer cells 34887515    
Embryonic kidney cells 36706192    
Embryonic kidney cells 36706192    
Gastric cancer cells 33991177    
Gastric cancer cells 33991177    
Gastric cancer cells 33991177    
Mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Mesothelioma cells 15111327    
Neuroblastoma cells 25944692    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Platelets 25332113    
Platelets 25332113    
Platelets 25332113    
Prostate cancer cells 22723089    
Thymus 23844026    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
 Gene ontology annotations for TUBB4A
Molecular Function
    GTPase activity GO:0003924 IEA
    structural constituent of cytoskeleton GO:0005200 IBA
    calcium ion binding GO:0005509 IMP
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    GTP binding GO:0005525 IBA
Biological Process
    microtubule cytoskeleton organization GO:0000226 IBA
    mitotic cell cycle GO:0000278 IBA
    negative regulation of microtubule polymerization GO:0031115 IMP
Subcellular Localization
    nucleus GO:0005634 HDA
    cytoplasm GO:0005737 IBA
    cytosol GO:0005829 TAS
    microtubule GO:0005874 IBA
    microtubule GO:0005874 IDA
    axoneme GO:0005930 IDA
    microtubule cytoskeleton GO:0015630 IDA
    internode region of axon GO:0033269 IEA
    neuronal cell body GO:0043025 IEA
    myelin sheath GO:0043209 IEA
    intercellular bridge GO:0045171 IDA
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 HDA
    mitotic spindle GO:0072686 IDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified TUBB4A in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 489
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 6
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
2
Experiment ID 490
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 7
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
3
Experiment ID 491
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
4
Experiment ID 492
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 9
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
5
Experiment ID 20
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
HSP90|CD63|CD81|LAMP1
Enriched markers
✔
GOLGA2|cytochrome c
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 17956143    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of microvesicles derived from human colorectal cancer cells.
Authors "Choi DS, Lee JM, Park GW, Lim HW, Bang JY, Kim YK, Kwon KH, Kwon HJ, Kim KP, Gho YS"
Journal name JPR
Publication year 2007
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name HT29
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Diafiltration
Flotation density 1.16 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LTQ]
Western blotting
6
Experiment ID 21
MISEV standards
✔
EM|IEM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|HSP70|CD63
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method
Mass spectrometry   
PubMed ID 19837982    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic and bioinformatic analysis of immunoaffinity-purified exosomes derived from the human colon tumor cell line LIM1215.
Authors "Suresh Mathivanan, Justin W.E. Lim, Bow J. Tauro, Hong Ji, Robert L. Moritz and Richard J. Simpson"
Journal name MCP
Publication year 2009
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1215
Isolation/purification methods Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.10-1.12 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [Orbitrap]
Western blotting
7
Experiment ID 201
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|HSP70|CD9
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 22740476    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Restoration of full-length APC protein in SW480 colon cancer cells induces exosome-mediated secretion of DKK-4.
Authors "Lim JW, Mathias RA, Kapp EA, Layton MJ, Faux MC, Burgess AW, Ji H, Simpson RJ."
Journal name Electrophoresis
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name SW480
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
8
Experiment ID 1203
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD81|CD63|EPCAM|GAPDH|LAMP1|TFRC|CD151|CD82|LAMP2|RAB35|TSG101|FLOT2|RAB5B|ICAM1|RAB5A
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34887515    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors "Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, Sohn Y, Neininger AC, Taneja N, McKinley ET, Niitsu H, Cao Z, Evans R, Glass SE, Ray KC, Fissell WH, Hill S, Rose KL, Huh WJ, Washington MK, Ayers GD, Burnette DT, Sharma S, Rome LH, Franklin JL, Lee YA, Liu Q, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DiFi
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
miRNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RNA sequencing
9
Experiment ID 1275
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD9|TSG101|FLOT1|FLOT2|RAB35|RAB5A|GAPDH|TFRC|CD63|Alix
Enriched markers
✔
PCNA|CANX|GAPDH|HSP90AA1|HSP90B1
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36706192    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Displaying and delivering viral membrane antigens via WW domain-activated extracellular vesicles
Authors "Choi S, Yang Z, Wang Q, Qiao Z, Sun M, Wiggins J, Xiang SH, Lu Q."
Journal name Sci Adv
Publication year 2023
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
10
Experiment ID 1280
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|CD9|FLOT1|FLOT2|RAB35|RAB5A|GAPDH|TFRC|CD63|Alix
Enriched markers
✔
PCNA|CANX|GAPDH|HSP90AA1|HSP90B1
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36706192    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Displaying and delivering viral membrane antigens via WW domain-activated extracellular vesicles
Authors "Choi S, Yang Z, Wang Q, Qiao Z, Sun M, Wiggins J, Xiang SH, Lu Q."
Journal name Sci Adv
Publication year 2023
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Fraction 5
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density 1.151 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
11
Experiment ID 363
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|GAPDH|AQP1|CD151|CD81|CD82|CD9|EPCAM|FLOT1|FLOT2|ICAM1|ITGA2B|LAMP2|RAB35|RAB5A|RAB5B|SDCBP|TFRC|UCHL1
Enriched markers
✔
DCLK1
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 33991177    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 reprograms small extracellular vesicles toward migratory phenotype in gastric cancer cells
Authors "Carli ALE, Afshar-Sterle S, Rai A, Fang H, O'Keefe R, Tse J, Ferguson FM, Gray NS, Ernst M, Greening DW, Buchert M."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2021
Sample Gastric cancer cells
Sample name MKN1 - 100K pellet
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
12
Experiment ID 364
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|GAPDH|AQP1|CD151|CD81|CD82|CD9|EPCAM|FLOT1|FLOT2|ICAM1|ITGA2B|LAMP2|RAB35|RAB5A|RAB5B|SDCBP|TFRC|UCHL1
Enriched markers
✔
DCLK1
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 33991177    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 reprograms small extracellular vesicles toward migratory phenotype in gastric cancer cells
Authors "Carli ALE, Afshar-Sterle S, Rai A, Fang H, O'Keefe R, Tse J, Ferguson FM, Gray NS, Ernst M, Greening DW, Buchert M."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2021
Sample Gastric cancer cells
Sample name MKN1 - 100K pellet
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
13
Experiment ID 365
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|GAPDH|AQP1|CD151|CD81|CD82|CD9|EPCAM|FLOT1|FLOT2|ICAM1|ITGA2B|LAMP2|RAB35|RAB5A|RAB5B|SDCBP|TFRC|UCHL1
Enriched markers
✔
DCLK1
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 33991177    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 reprograms small extracellular vesicles toward migratory phenotype in gastric cancer cells
Authors "Carli ALE, Afshar-Sterle S, Rai A, Fang H, O'Keefe R, Tse J, Ferguson FM, Gray NS, Ernst M, Greening DW, Buchert M."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2021
Sample Gastric cancer cells
Sample name MKN1 - 100K pellet
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
14
Experiment ID 488
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD9|CD81|CD63|GAPDH|SDCBP|LAMP1|TFRC|UCHL1|FLOT2|LAMP2|FLOT1|ICAM1|RAB5B|CD151|RAB35|TSG101|RAB5A|CD82
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name UCMSC
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
15
Experiment ID 25
MISEV standards
✔
IEM
Biophysical techniques
✔
HSP90|beta-tubulin
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 15111327    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes secreted by human mesothelioma cells.
Authors "Hegmans JP, Bard MP, Hemmes A, Luider TM, Kleijmeer MJ, Prins JB, Zitvogel L, Burgers SA, Hoogsteden HC, Lambrecht BN."
Journal name AJP
Publication year 2004
Sample Mesothelioma cells
Sample name PMR-MM7
PMR-MM8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [MALDI TOF]
Western blotting
16
Experiment ID 224
MISEV standards
✔
EM|AFM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|CD63|CD81
Enriched markers
✔
GOLGA2
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25944692    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteogenomic analysis reveals exosomes are more oncogenic than ectosomes
Authors "Keerthikumar S, Gangoda L, Liem M, Fonseka P, Atukorala I, Ozcitti C, Mechler A, Adda CG, Ang CS, Mathivanan S"
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Neuroblastoma cells
Sample name SH-SY5Y
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient
Flotation density 1.10 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
17
Experiment ID 211
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|EpCAM|TFRC
Enriched markers
✔
cytochrome c|GOLGA2
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors "Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K."
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name IGROV1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
18
Experiment ID 212
MISEV standards
✔
CEM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|EpCAM|TFRC
Enriched markers
✔
Cytochrome C|GOLGA2
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors "Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K."
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name OVCAR-3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
19
Experiment ID 231
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|CD63|CD9
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25332113    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Lipidomic and proteomic characterization of platelet extracellular vesicle subfractions from senescent platelets
Authors "Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Kuhlmann K, Bottcher A, Konovalova T, Black A, Orso E, Liebisch G, Ahrens M, Eisenacher M, Meyer HE, Schmitz G."
Journal name Transfusion
Publication year 2015
Sample Platelets
Sample name PL-Exs - Rep 1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Optiprep density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Lipids
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
20
Experiment ID 232
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✘ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25332113    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Lipidomic and proteomic characterization of platelet extracellular vesicle subfractions from senescent platelets
Authors "Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Kuhlmann K, Bottcher A, Konovalova T, Black A, Orso E, Liebisch G, Ahrens M, Eisenacher M, Meyer HE, Schmitz G."
Journal name Transfusion
Publication year 2015
Sample Platelets
Sample name PL-Exs - Rep 2
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Optiprep density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
21
Experiment ID 233
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✘ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25332113    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Lipidomic and proteomic characterization of platelet extracellular vesicle subfractions from senescent platelets
Authors "Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Kuhlmann K, Bottcher A, Konovalova T, Black A, Orso E, Liebisch G, Ahrens M, Eisenacher M, Meyer HE, Schmitz G."
Journal name Transfusion
Publication year 2015
Sample Platelets
Sample name PL-Exs - Rep 3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Optiprep density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
22
Experiment ID 146
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
HSP70|HSP90|CD9
Enriched markers
✔
HSP90B1
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method
Mass spectrometry [QTOF]   
PubMed ID 22723089    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Prostate cancer cell derived exosomes
Authors "Hosseini-Beheshti E, Guns ES."
Journal name MCP
Publication year 2012
Sample Prostate cancer cells
Sample name RWPE - Rep 2
Isolation/purification methods Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [QTOF]
23
Experiment ID 217
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|CD81|CD9|CD63
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23844026    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization of human thymic exosomes.
Authors "Skogberg G, Gudmundsdottir J, van der Post S, Sandstrom K, Bruhn S, Benson M, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Baranov V, Telemo E, Ekwall O."
Journal name PLoS One
Publication year 2013
Sample Thymus
Sample name Normal-Thymus
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
24
Experiment ID 193
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD63|CD9
Enriched markers
✔
PHB
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
25
Experiment ID 194
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✘ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of basement membrane nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
26
Experiment ID 195
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✘ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of early IgA nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for TUBB4A
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 SLFN11 91607
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
2 SPRTN  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
3 UBL4A 8266
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 Ruvbl1 56505
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
5 CD48 962
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 KLK5 25818
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
7 RIN3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
8 DYNC1I2 1781
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
9 ERCC8  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
10 SP1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
11 DNAJA4 55466
Affinity Capture-Luminescence Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
12 FBXO25  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
13 CCT6B 10693
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
14 FAM174A 345757
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
15 USP36  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
16 LRP1 4035
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
17 PLEKHG4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
18 WDR76  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
19 B3GNT2 10678
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
20 MCM2 4171
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
21 METTL22  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
22 FBXW7  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
23 AGO3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
24 GLMP 112770
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
25 TSHR 7253
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
26 POU5F1  
Affinity Capture-RNA Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
27 BAGE2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
28 PPEF1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
29 TINF2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
30 ASB4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
31 TCP11L1 55346
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
32 METTL23  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
33 PRTN3 5657
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
34 CUL1 8454
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
35 TFCP2 7024
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
36 CLN8 2055
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
37 FGFR1 2260
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
38 FBXW5  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
39 HSPA8 3312
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
40 FAS 355
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
41 ITLN1 55600
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
42 CCT2 10576
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
43 PPM1D  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
44 EFNA2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
45 NF2 4771
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
46 BSG 682
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
47 IRS4 8471
Affinity Capture-Luminescence Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
48 TCP1 6950
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
49 VAV1 7409
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
50 USP11 8237
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
51 ANTXR1 84168
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
52 PARK2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
53 RPS6KB1 6198
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
54 TUBA1B 10376
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
55 YAP1 10413
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
56 CAPS 828
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
57 OGT 8473
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
58 SAR1B 51128
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
59 ALKBH3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
60 PEX14 5195
Co-purification Homo sapiens
61 CDHR4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
62 TUBA1C 84790
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
63 ANAPC4 29945
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
64 DNAJC12  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
65 Ksr1  
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
66 CYLD  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
67 LY86  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
68 FAM86B2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
69 TJP1 7082
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
70 GAN 8139
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
71 HSPA5 3309
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
72 CAMKMT  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
73 TUBB 203068
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
74 NR4A1  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
75 AIFM1 9131
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
76 MGARP  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
77 ICAM1 3383
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
78 AMBRA1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
79 XPO1 7514
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
80 SIRT7  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
81 CCT6A 908
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
82 SLC27A4 10999
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
83 PTH2R  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
84 METTL20  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
85 PRKCZ 5590
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
86 CUL3 8452
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
87 TUBB4B 10383
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
88 EGFR 1956
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
89 CCT3 7203
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
90 FARP2 9855
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
91 FBXO6 26270
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
92 METTL21B  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
93 ARL2 402
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
94 RIPK4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
95 TBCD 6904
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
96 Ect2  
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
97 F12  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
98 TUBA4A 7277
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
99 CEP250 11190
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
100 PRPF19 27339
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
101 BAG1 573
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
102 NIN 51199
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
103 NAAA  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
104 SCGB2A2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
105 MTOR 2475
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
106 CCNJL  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
107 NLRP1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
108 PRSS8 5652
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
109 DNAJC3 5611
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
110 PTPN23 25930
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
111 DDRGK1 65992
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
112 Yap1  
Reconstituted Complex Mus musculus
113 ILK 3611
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
114 HAX1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
115 ISLR 3671
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
116 TMPRSS5  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
117 ARHGAP31 57514
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
118 TUBB2A 7280
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
119 MAP2K2 5605
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
120 ARRB2 409
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
121 PLEKHA4 57664
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
122 TUBGCP2 10844
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
123 TSPYL6  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
124 TNFAIP1 7126
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
125 MCM5 4174
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
126 OSTM1 28962
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
127 EPHA4 2043
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
128 CUL5 8065
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
129 NGEF  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
130 TUBB3 10381
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
131 NHLRC2 374354
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
132 CCT7 10574
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
133 ZC2HC1B  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
134 GZMH  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
135 CEBPA  
Protein-peptide Homo sapiens
136 CHMP4C 92421
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
137 CDK13 8621
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
138 TPSB2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
139 TRIM31  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
140 METTL3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
141 CST11  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
142 SNW1 22938
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
143 C9orf72  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
144 SERBP1 26135
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
145 ATXN3 4287
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
146 ARHGEF10L 55160
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
147 TUBA3E 112714
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
148 IL12RB1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
View the network image/svg+xml
 Pathways in which TUBB4A is involved
PathwayEvidenceSource
Activation of AMPK downstream of NMDARs IEA Reactome
Activation of NMDA receptors and postsynaptic events IEA Reactome
Adaptive Immune System TAS Reactome
Aggrephagy TAS Reactome
Aggrephagy IEA Reactome
Anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane TAS Reactome
Antiviral mechanism by IFN-stimulated genes TAS Reactome
Asparagine N-linked glycosylation TAS Reactome
Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors IEA Reactome
AURKA Activation by TPX2 TAS Reactome
Autophagy TAS Reactome
Autophagy IEA Reactome
Axon guidance TAS Reactome
Axon guidance IEA Reactome
Carboxyterminal post-translational modifications of tubulin TAS Reactome
Carboxyterminal post-translational modifications of tubulin IEA Reactome
Cell Cycle TAS Reactome
Cell Cycle, Mitotic TAS Reactome
Cellular responses to stimuli TAS Reactome
Cellular responses to stress TAS Reactome
Centrosome maturation TAS Reactome
Chaperonin-mediated protein folding IEA Reactome
Cilium Assembly TAS Reactome
Cooperation of Prefoldin and TriC/CCT in actin and tubulin folding IEA Reactome
COPI-dependent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic TAS Reactome
COPI-independent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic TAS Reactome
COPI-mediated anterograde transport TAS Reactome
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system TAS Reactome
Developmental Biology TAS Reactome
Developmental Biology IEA Reactome
Disease TAS Reactome
EML4 and NUDC in mitotic spindle formation TAS Reactome
ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport TAS Reactome
Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production TAS Reactome
Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC IEA Reactome
G2/M Transition TAS Reactome
Gap junction assembly IEA Reactome
Gap junction assembly TAS Reactome
Gap junction trafficking IEA Reactome
Gap junction trafficking TAS Reactome
Gap junction trafficking and regulation IEA Reactome
Gap junction trafficking and regulation TAS Reactome
Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport TAS Reactome
HCMV Early Events TAS Reactome
HCMV Infection TAS Reactome
Hedgehog 'off' state TAS Reactome
Hemostasis TAS Reactome
HSP90 chaperone cycle for steroid hormone receptors (SHR) in the presence of ligand TAS Reactome
Immune System TAS Reactome
Infectious disease TAS Reactome
Interferon Signaling TAS Reactome
Intra-Golgi and retrograde Golgi-to-ER traffic TAS Reactome
Intraflagellar transport TAS Reactome
Kinesins TAS Reactome
L1CAM interactions TAS Reactome
L1CAM interactions IEA Reactome
Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes TAS Reactome
Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organization from the centrosome TAS Reactome
M Phase TAS Reactome
Macroautophagy TAS Reactome
Macroautophagy IEA Reactome
Membrane Trafficking IEA Reactome
Membrane Trafficking TAS Reactome
Metabolism of proteins IEA Reactome
Metabolism of proteins TAS Reactome
MHC class II antigen presentation TAS Reactome
Microtubule-dependent trafficking of connexons from Golgi to the plasma membrane TAS Reactome
Mitotic Anaphase TAS Reactome
Mitotic G2-G2/M phases TAS Reactome
Mitotic Metaphase and Anaphase TAS Reactome
Mitotic Prometaphase TAS Reactome
Nervous system development TAS Reactome
Nervous system development IEA Reactome
Neuronal System IEA Reactome
Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission IEA Reactome
Nuclear Envelope (NE) Reassembly TAS Reactome
Organelle biogenesis and maintenance TAS Reactome
PKR-mediated signaling TAS Reactome
Post NMDA receptor activation events IEA Reactome
Post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway IEA Reactome
Post-translational protein modification TAS Reactome
Post-translational protein modification IEA Reactome
Prefoldin mediated transfer of substrate to CCT/TriC IEA Reactome
Protein folding IEA Reactome
Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes TAS Reactome
Recruitment of NuMA to mitotic centrosomes TAS Reactome
Recycling pathway of L1 TAS Reactome
Recycling pathway of L1 IEA Reactome
Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition TAS Reactome
Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion TAS Reactome
RHO GTPase Effectors TAS Reactome
RHO GTPases Activate Formins TAS Reactome
RHO GTPases activate IQGAPs TAS Reactome
Sealing of the nuclear envelope (NE) by ESCRT-III TAS Reactome
Selective autophagy TAS Reactome
Selective autophagy IEA Reactome
Separation of Sister Chromatids TAS Reactome
Signal Transduction TAS Reactome
Signaling by Hedgehog TAS Reactome
Signaling by Rho GTPases TAS Reactome
Signaling by Rho GTPases, Miro GTPases and RHOBTB3 TAS Reactome
The role of GTSE1 in G2/M progression after G2 checkpoint TAS Reactome
Translocation of SLC2A4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane IEA Reactome
Transmission across Chemical Synapses IEA Reactome
Transport of connexons to the plasma membrane TAS Reactome
Transport to the Golgi and subsequent modification TAS Reactome
Vesicle-mediated transport IEA Reactome
Vesicle-mediated transport TAS Reactome
Viral Infection Pathways TAS Reactome





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