Gene description for PARP4
Gene name poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 4
Gene symbol PARP4
Other names/aliases ADPRTL1
ARTD4
PARP-4
PARPL
PH5P
VAULT3
VPARP
VWA5C
p193
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - PARP4
ExoCarta ExoCarta_143
Vesiclepedia VP_143
Entrez Gene 143
HGNC 271
MIM 607519
UniProt Q9UKK3  
 PARP4 identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Chondrocytes 35931686    
Chondrocytes 35931686    
Colorectal cancer cells 25890246    
Colorectal cancer cells 25890246    
Colorectal cancer cells 25890246    
Colorectal cancer cells 25890246    
Colorectal cancer cells 34887515    
Endothelial cells 26027894    
Mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Thymus 23844026    
Urine 19056867    
 Gene ontology annotations for PARP4
Molecular Function
    DNA binding GO:0003677 TAS
    NAD+-protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity GO:0003950 IBA
    NAD+-protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity GO:0003950 IDA
    NAD+-protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity GO:0003950 NAS
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    nucleotidyltransferase activity GO:0016779 IEA
    enzyme binding GO:0019899 IDA
    NAD+-protein-aspartate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity GO:0140806 IEA
    NAD+-histone H2BE35 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity GO:0140822 IEA
    NAD+-histone H2BE2 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity GO:0140844 IEA
    NAD+-histone H2BE18 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity GO:0140867 IEA
    NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity GO:1990404 IDA
Biological Process
    DNA repair GO:0006281 NAS
    inflammatory response GO:0006954 IMP
    DNA damage response GO:0006974 NAS
    response to xenobiotic stimulus GO:0009410 NAS
    protein modification process GO:0036211 IDA
Subcellular Localization
    nucleus GO:0005634 NAS
    nucleoplasm GO:0005654 IDA
    cytoplasm GO:0005737 IBA
    cytoplasm GO:0005737 IDA
    cytosol GO:0005829 IDA
    spindle microtubule GO:0005876 IDA
    membrane GO:0016020 HDA
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 HDA
    ribonucleoprotein complex GO:1990904 NAS
 Experiment description of studies that identified PARP4 in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 497
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD9|CD151|CD63|CD81|CD82|FLOT1|FLOT2|GAPDH|LAMP1|LAMP2|RAB5A|SDCBP|TFRC|TSG101|UCHL1
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35931686    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Extracellular vesicles enriched in connexin 43 promote a senescent phenotype in bone and synovial cells contributing to osteoarthritis progression
Authors "Varela-Eirín M, Carpintero-Fernández P, Guitián-Caamaño A, Varela-Vázquez A, García-Yuste A, Sánchez-Temprano A, Bravo-López SB, Yañez-Cabanas J, Fonseca E, Largo R, Mobasheri A, Caeiro JR, Mayán MD."
Journal name Cell Death Dis
Publication year 2022
Sample Chondrocytes
Sample name T/C-28a2
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
2
Experiment ID 498
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD9|CD151|CD63|CD81|CD82|FLOT1|FLOT2|GAPDH|LAMP1|LAMP2|RAB5A|SDCBP|TFRC|TSG101|UCHL1
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35931686    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Extracellular vesicles enriched in connexin 43 promote a senescent phenotype in bone and synovial cells contributing to osteoarthritis progression
Authors "Varela-Eirín M, Carpintero-Fernández P, Guitián-Caamaño A, Varela-Vázquez A, García-Yuste A, Sánchez-Temprano A, Bravo-López SB, Yañez-Cabanas J, Fonseca E, Largo R, Mobasheri A, Caeiro JR, Mayán MD."
Journal name Cell Death Dis
Publication year 2022
Sample Chondrocytes
Sample name T/C-28a2
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
3
Experiment ID 282
MISEV standards
✔
CEM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|CD63|CD81|EpCAM
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
DLS
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25890246    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Highly-purified exosomes and shed microvesicles isolated from the human colon cancer cell line LIM1863 by sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration are biochemically and functionally distinct.
Authors "Xu R, Greening DW, Rai A, Ji H, Simpson RJ."
Journal name Methods
Publication year 2015
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1863 - Ultracentrifugation - Rep 1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Centrifugal concentration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
4
Experiment ID 283
MISEV standards
✔
CEM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|CD63|CD81|EpCAM
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
DLS
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25890246    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Highly-purified exosomes and shed microvesicles isolated from the human colon cancer cell line LIM1863 by sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration are biochemically and functionally distinct.
Authors "Xu R, Greening DW, Rai A, Ji H, Simpson RJ."
Journal name Methods
Publication year 2015
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1863 - Ultracentrifugation - Rep 2
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Centrifugal concentration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
5
Experiment ID 285
MISEV standards
✔
CEM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|CD63|CD81|EpCAM
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
DLS
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25890246    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Highly-purified exosomes and shed microvesicles isolated from the human colon cancer cell line LIM1863 by sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration are biochemically and functionally distinct.
Authors "Xu R, Greening DW, Rai A, Ji H, Simpson RJ."
Journal name Methods
Publication year 2015
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1863 - Sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration - Rep 1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration
Centrifugal concentration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
6
Experiment ID 286
MISEV standards
✔
CEM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|CD63|CD81|EpCAM
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
DLS
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25890246    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Highly-purified exosomes and shed microvesicles isolated from the human colon cancer cell line LIM1863 by sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration are biochemically and functionally distinct.
Authors "Xu R, Greening DW, Rai A, Ji H, Simpson RJ."
Journal name Methods
Publication year 2015
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1863 - Sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration - Rep 2
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration
Centrifugal concentration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
7
Experiment ID 1203
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD81|CD63|EPCAM|GAPDH|LAMP1|TFRC|CD151|CD82|LAMP2|RAB35|TSG101|FLOT2|RAB5B|ICAM1|RAB5A
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34887515    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors "Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, Sohn Y, Neininger AC, Taneja N, McKinley ET, Niitsu H, Cao Z, Evans R, Glass SE, Ray KC, Fissell WH, Hill S, Rose KL, Huh WJ, Washington MK, Ayers GD, Burnette DT, Sharma S, Rome LH, Franklin JL, Lee YA, Liu Q, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DiFi
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
miRNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RNA sequencing
8
Experiment ID 226
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
GAPDH|CD9|FLOT1
Enriched markers
✔
LMNA|H2AFX|ATP5A1|TOMM20
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method Small RNA sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Solexa)
PubMed ID 26027894    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description "Quantitative and qualitative analysis of small RNAs in human endothelial cells and exosomes provides insights into localized RNA processing, degradation and sorting"
Authors "Bas W. M. van Balkom, Almut S. Eisele, D. Michiel Pegtel, Sander Bervoets, Marianne C. Verhaar"
Journal name Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
Publication year 2015
Sample Endothelial cells
Sample name HMEC-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.10 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study miRNA
Protein
snoRNA
lncRNA
yRNA
snRNA
mRNA
ncRNA
mtRNA
vtRNA
scaRNA
lincRNA
Methods used in the study Small RNA sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Solexa)
Western blotting
9
Experiment ID 488
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD9|CD81|CD63|GAPDH|SDCBP|LAMP1|TFRC|UCHL1|FLOT2|LAMP2|FLOT1|ICAM1|RAB5B|CD151|RAB35|TSG101|RAB5A|CD82
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name UCMSC
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
10
Experiment ID 211
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|EpCAM|TFRC
Enriched markers
✔
cytochrome c|GOLGA2
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors "Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K."
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name IGROV1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
11
Experiment ID 212
MISEV standards
✔
CEM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|EpCAM|TFRC
Enriched markers
✔
Cytochrome C|GOLGA2
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors "Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K."
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name OVCAR-3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
12
Experiment ID 217
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|CD81|CD9|CD63
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23844026    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization of human thymic exosomes.
Authors "Skogberg G, Gudmundsdottir J, van der Post S, Sandstrom K, Bruhn S, Benson M, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Baranov V, Telemo E, Ekwall O."
Journal name PLoS One
Publication year 2013
Sample Thymus
Sample name Normal-Thymus
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
13
Experiment ID 63
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
AQP2
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19056867    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
Authors "Gonzales PA, Pisitkun T, Hoffert JD, Tchapyjnikov D, Star RA, Kleta R, Wang NS, Knepper MA"
Journal name JASN
Publication year 2009
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LTQ]
Western blotting
 Protein-protein interactions for PARP4
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 MVP 9961
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
2 C1QTNF2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
3 MAP7 9053
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 ECT2 1894
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 RFWD2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 ARL6IP5 10550
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
7 TPRX1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
8 HIST1H2BH 8345
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
9 NR3C1 2908
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
10 NUP35 129401
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
11 SOX2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
12 HIST1H2BO 8348
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
13 RNF38  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
14 SMDT1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
15 MYO6 4646
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
16 ZKSCAN4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
17 CCNL1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
18 SMAD3 4088
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
19 COL8A2 1296
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
20 COLQ  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
21 NOS2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
22 CLTC 1213
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
23 HIST1H2BK 85236
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
24 CDC5L 988
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
25 Lgals3bp 19039
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
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