Gene description for ACE
Gene name angiotensin I converting enzyme
Gene symbol ACE
Other names/aliases ACE1
CD143
DCP
DCP1
ICH
MVCD3
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - ACE
ExoCarta ExoCarta_1636
Vesiclepedia VP_1636
Entrez Gene 1636
HGNC 2707
MIM 106180
UniProt P12821  
 ACE identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Colorectal cancer cells 19837982    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 25890246    
Colorectal cancer cells 25890246    
Colorectal cancer cells 25890246    
Colorectal cancer cells 34887515    
Lung cancer cells 34887515    
Pancreatic cancer cells 34887515    
Plasma 34887515    
Urine 15326289    
Urine 19056867    
Urine 21082674    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 22418980    
Urine 22418980    
 Gene ontology annotations for ACE
Molecular Function
    actin binding GO:0003779 IDA
    endopeptidase activity GO:0004175 IDA
    carboxypeptidase activity GO:0004180 IEA
    metalloendopeptidase activity GO:0004222 IDA
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    calmodulin binding GO:0005516 IEA
    peptidase activity GO:0008233 IDA
    metallopeptidase activity GO:0008237 IBA
    metallopeptidase activity GO:0008237 IDA
    metallopeptidase activity GO:0008237 ISS
    metallopeptidase activity GO:0008237 TAS
    exopeptidase activity GO:0008238 IDA
    tripeptidyl-peptidase activity GO:0008240 IDA
    peptidyl-dipeptidase activity GO:0008241 IBA
    peptidyl-dipeptidase activity GO:0008241 IDA
    peptidyl-dipeptidase activity GO:0008241 ISS
    peptidyl-dipeptidase activity GO:0008241 TAS
    zinc ion binding GO:0008270 IDA
    chloride ion binding GO:0031404 IDA
    mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding GO:0031434 IPI
    bradykinin receptor binding GO:0031711 IPI
    mitogen-activated protein kinase binding GO:0051019 IPI
    metallodipeptidase activity GO:0070573 IDA
    heterocyclic compound binding GO:1901363 IEA
Biological Process
    response to hypoxia GO:0001666 IEA
    kidney development GO:0001822 IMP
    kidney development GO:0001822 ISS
    blood vessel remodeling GO:0001974 IC
    angiotensin maturation GO:0002003 IC
    angiotensin maturation GO:0002003 IDA
    regulation of renal output by angiotensin GO:0002019 IC
    neutrophil mediated immunity GO:0002446 ISS
    antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I GO:0002474 TAS
    regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin GO:0003081 IBA
    regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin GO:0003081 IC
    regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin GO:0003081 IMP
    positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure GO:0003084 IBA
    proteolysis GO:0006508 TAS
    spermatogenesis GO:0007283 ISS
    female pregnancy GO:0007565 IEA
    regulation of blood pressure GO:0008217 ISS
    male gonad development GO:0008584 IEA
    response to xenobiotic stimulus GO:0009410 IEA
    embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching GO:0009792 IEA
    post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression GO:0010608 IEA
    negative regulation of gene expression GO:0010629 IEA
    substance P catabolic process GO:0010814 IDA
    bradykinin catabolic process GO:0010815 IDA
    regulation of smooth muscle cell migration GO:0014910 ISS
    regulation of vasoconstriction GO:0019229 IC
    animal organ regeneration GO:0031100 IEA
    response to nutrient levels GO:0031667 IEA
    response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0032496 IEA
    mononuclear cell proliferation GO:0032943 IC
    response to laminar fluid shear stress GO:0034616 IEA
    angiotensin-activated signaling pathway GO:0038166 ISS
    vasoconstriction GO:0042310 IEA
    hormone metabolic process GO:0042445 IDA
    hormone catabolic process GO:0042447 IDA
    hormone catabolic process GO:0042447 ISS
    eating behavior GO:0042755 IEA
    positive regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043065 IEA
    peptide catabolic process GO:0043171 IDA
    positive regulation of vasoconstriction GO:0045907 IEA
    negative regulation of D-glucose import GO:0046325 IEA
    regulation of synaptic plasticity GO:0048167 ISS
    lung alveolus development GO:0048286 IEA
    amyloid-beta metabolic process GO:0050435 IDA
    arachidonate secretion GO:0050482 IDA
    positive regulation of neurogenesis GO:0050769 IEA
    heart contraction GO:0060047 ISS
    regulation of angiotensin metabolic process GO:0060177 IDA
    hematopoietic stem cell differentiation GO:0060218 IC
    angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis GO:0060978 IEA
    cellular response to glucose stimulus GO:0071333 IEA
    response to dexamethasone GO:0071548 IEA
    cell proliferation in bone marrow GO:0071838 ISS
    regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction GO:0086091 ISS
    negative regulation of calcium ion import GO:0090281 IEA
    response to thyroid hormone GO:0097066 IEA
    blood vessel diameter maintenance GO:0097746 IC
    regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation GO:1902033 IC
    regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation GO:1902033 ISS
    negative regulation of gap junction assembly GO:1903597 ISS
    cellular response to aldosterone GO:1904045 IEA
    positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation GO:2000170 ISS
Subcellular Localization
    extracellular region GO:0005576 TAS
    extracellular space GO:0005615 HDA
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IDA
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IDA
    lysosome GO:0005764 IDA
    endosome GO:0005768 IDA
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 IBA
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 IDA
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 IDA
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 TAS
    external side of plasma membrane GO:0009897 IDA
    basal plasma membrane GO:0009925 IEA
    brush border membrane GO:0031526 IEA
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 HDA
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 IDA
    sperm midpiece GO:0097225 IEA
 Experiment description of studies that identified ACE in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 21
MISEV standards
✔ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method
Mass spectrometry   
PubMed ID 19837982    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic and bioinformatic analysis of immunoaffinity-purified exosomes derived from the human colon tumor cell line LIM1215.
Authors "Suresh Mathivanan, Justin W.E. Lim, Bow J. Tauro, Hong Ji, Robert L. Moritz and Richard J. Simpson"
Journal name MCP
Publication year 2009
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1215
Isolation/purification methods Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.10-1.12 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [Orbitrap]
Western blotting
2
Experiment ID 207
MISEV standards
✔ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✔ Negative markers
✔ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors "Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DKO-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 208
MISEV standards
✔ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✔ Negative markers
✔ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors "Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name Dks-8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 209
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✔ Negative markers
✔ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors "Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DLD-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
5
Experiment ID 282
MISEV standards
✔ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25890246    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Highly-purified exosomes and shed microvesicles isolated from the human colon cancer cell line LIM1863 by sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration are biochemically and functionally distinct.
Authors "Xu R, Greening DW, Rai A, Ji H, Simpson RJ."
Journal name Methods
Publication year 2015
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1863 - Ultracentrifugation - Rep 1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Centrifugal concentration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
6
Experiment ID 285
MISEV standards
✔ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25890246    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Highly-purified exosomes and shed microvesicles isolated from the human colon cancer cell line LIM1863 by sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration are biochemically and functionally distinct.
Authors "Xu R, Greening DW, Rai A, Ji H, Simpson RJ."
Journal name Methods
Publication year 2015
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1863 - Sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration - Rep 1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration
Centrifugal concentration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
7
Experiment ID 286
MISEV standards
✔ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25890246    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Highly-purified exosomes and shed microvesicles isolated from the human colon cancer cell line LIM1863 by sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration are biochemically and functionally distinct.
Authors "Xu R, Greening DW, Rai A, Ji H, Simpson RJ."
Journal name Methods
Publication year 2015
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1863 - Sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration - Rep 2
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration
Centrifugal concentration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
8
Experiment ID 1202
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 34887515    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors "Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, Sohn Y, Neininger AC, Taneja N, McKinley ET, Niitsu H, Cao Z, Evans R, Glass SE, Ray KC, Fissell WH, Hill S, Rose KL, Huh WJ, Washington MK, Ayers GD, Burnette DT, Sharma S, Rome LH, Franklin JL, Lee YA, Liu Q, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1215
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
9
Experiment ID 1201
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 34887515    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors "Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, Sohn Y, Neininger AC, Taneja N, McKinley ET, Niitsu H, Cao Z, Evans R, Glass SE, Ray KC, Fissell WH, Hill S, Rose KL, Huh WJ, Washington MK, Ayers GD, Burnette DT, Sharma S, Rome LH, Franklin JL, Lee YA, Liu Q, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Lung cancer cells
Sample name Calu-3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
10
Experiment ID 1205
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 34887515    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors "Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, Sohn Y, Neininger AC, Taneja N, McKinley ET, Niitsu H, Cao Z, Evans R, Glass SE, Ray KC, Fissell WH, Hill S, Rose KL, Huh WJ, Washington MK, Ayers GD, Burnette DT, Sharma S, Rome LH, Franklin JL, Lee YA, Liu Q, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Pancreatic cancer cells
Sample name PANC-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
11
Experiment ID 1204
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 34887515    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors "Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, Sohn Y, Neininger AC, Taneja N, McKinley ET, Niitsu H, Cao Z, Evans R, Glass SE, Ray KC, Fissell WH, Hill S, Rose KL, Huh WJ, Washington MK, Ayers GD, Burnette DT, Sharma S, Rome LH, Franklin JL, Lee YA, Liu Q, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Plasma
Sample name Colorectal cancer patients
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
ELISA
12
Experiment ID 13
MISEV standards
✔ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 15326289    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine.
Authors "Pisitkun T, Shen RF, Knepper MA"
Journal name PNAS
Publication year 2004
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LCQ DECA XP]
Western blotting
13
Experiment ID 63
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19056867    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
Authors "Gonzales PA, Pisitkun T, Hoffert JD, Tchapyjnikov D, Star RA, Kleta R, Wang NS, Knepper MA"
Journal name JASN
Publication year 2009
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LTQ]
Western blotting
14
Experiment ID 102
MISEV standards
✔ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21082674    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description "Comprehensive analysis of low-abundance proteins in human urinary exosomes using peptide ligand library technology, peptide OFFGEL fractionation and nanoHPLC-chip-MS/MS."
Authors "Zhang Y, Li Y, Qiu F, Qiu Z."
Journal name ELEC
Publication year 2010
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Immunoelectron Microscopy
15
Experiment ID 193
MISEV standards
✔ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✔ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
16
Experiment ID 194
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✘ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of basement membrane nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
17
Experiment ID 195
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✘ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of early IgA nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
18
Experiment ID 196
MISEV standards
✔ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 22418980    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description A multiplex quantitative proteomics strategy for protein biomarker studies in urinary exosomes.
Authors "Raj DA, Fiume I, Capasso G, Pocsfalvi G."
Journal name Kidney Int
Publication year 2012
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal high density
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose cushion
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
19
Experiment ID 197
MISEV standards
✔ Biophysical techniques
✔ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 22418980    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description A multiplex quantitative proteomics strategy for protein biomarker studies in urinary exosomes.
Authors "Raj DA, Fiume I, Capasso G, Pocsfalvi G."
Journal name Kidney Int
Publication year 2012
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal low density
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose cushion
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for ACE
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 PLK4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
2 METTL9 51108
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
3 AGT 183
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
Co-crystal Structure Homo sapiens
4 HOOK1  
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
5 LGALS1 3956
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 AIMP2 7965
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
7 NINL  
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
View the network image/svg+xml



Perform bioinformatics analysis of your extracellular vesicle data set using FunRich, a open access standalone tool. NEW UPDATED VERSION OF FunRich available for download (12/09/2016) from here