Gene description for XDH
Gene name xanthine dehydrogenase
Gene symbol XDH
Other names/aliases XO
XOR
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - XDH
ExoCarta ExoCarta_7498
Vesiclepedia VP_7498
Entrez Gene 7498
HGNC 12805
MIM 607633
UniProt P47989  
 XDH identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Breast milk 17641064    
Breast milk 17641064    
 Gene ontology annotations for XDH
Molecular Function
    xanthine dehydrogenase activity GO:0004854 IBA
    xanthine dehydrogenase activity GO:0004854 IDA
    xanthine oxidase activity GO:0004855 IDA
    iron ion binding GO:0005506 IEA
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    protein homodimerization activity GO:0042803 IPI
    molybdopterin cofactor binding GO:0043546 IDA
    flavin adenine dinucleotide binding GO:0050660 IDA
    2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding GO:0051537 IDA
    hypoxanthine dehydrogenase activity GO:0070674 IDA
    hypoxanthine oxidase activity GO:0070675 IEA
    FAD binding GO:0071949 IEA
Biological Process
    allantoin metabolic process GO:0000255 IDA
    negative regulation of protein phosphorylation GO:0001933 IDA
    negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation GO:0001937 IDA
    guanine catabolic process GO:0006147 IEA
    inosine catabolic process GO:0006148 IDA
    deoxyinosine catabolic process GO:0006149 IDA
    adenosine catabolic process GO:0006154 IEA
    deoxyadenosine catabolic process GO:0006157 IEA
    deoxyguanosine catabolic process GO:0006161 IEA
    AMP catabolic process GO:0006196 IDA
    IMP catabolic process GO:0006204 IDA
    lactation GO:0007595 IEA
    hypoxanthine catabolic process GO:0009114 IDA
    xanthine catabolic process GO:0009115 IBA
    xanthine catabolic process GO:0009115 IDA
    negative regulation of gene expression GO:0010629 IDA
    iron-sulfur cluster assembly GO:0016226 IEA
    amide catabolic process GO:0043605 IEA
    negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation GO:0045602 IDA
    GMP catabolic process GO:0046038 IEA
    dGMP catabolic process GO:0046055 IEA
    dAMP catabolic process GO:0046059 IEA
    negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction GO:0051898 IDA
    positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade GO:1900745 IDA
    negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway GO:1900747 IDA
    positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process GO:2000379 IDA
    positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity GO:2001056 IDA
    negative regulation of vasculogenesis GO:2001213 IDA
Subcellular Localization
    extracellular space GO:0005615 HDA
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IBA
    peroxisome GO:0005777 IEA
    cytosol GO:0005829 IDA
    cytosol GO:0005829 TAS
    sarcoplasmic reticulum GO:0016529 IEA
 Experiment description of studies that identified XDH in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 489
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 6
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
2
Experiment ID 490
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 7
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
3
Experiment ID 491
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
4
Experiment ID 492
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 9
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
5
Experiment ID 46
MISEV standards
✔
EM|IEM
Biophysical techniques
✔
HSC70|CD63|MHCII|CD81|CD86
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 17641064    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Exosomes with immune modulatory features are present in human breast milk.
Authors "Admyre C, Johansson SM, Qazi KR, Filen JJ, Lahesmaa R, Norman M, Neve EP, Scheynius A, Gabrielsson S"
Journal name JIMMU
Publication year 2007
Sample Breast milk
Sample name Breast milk - Colostrum
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.10-1.18 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [QSTAR]
Western blotting
Immunoelectron Microscopy
FACS
6
Experiment ID 48
MISEV standards
✔
EM|IEM
Biophysical techniques
✔
HSC70|CD63|CD86|MHCII
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 17641064    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Exosomes with immune modulatory features are present in human breast milk.
Authors "Admyre C, Johansson SM, Qazi KR, Filen JJ, Lahesmaa R, Norman M, Neve EP, Scheynius A, Gabrielsson S"
Journal name JIMMU
Publication year 2007
Sample Breast milk
Sample name Breast milk - Mature milk
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.10-1.18 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [QSTAR]
Western blotting
Immunoelectron Microscopy
FACS
 Protein-protein interactions for XDH
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 Xpo1 103573
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
2 UFL1 23376
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
3 C12orf65  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 CCDC110  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 MYC  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 GRIP1  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
7 KIF23 9493
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
8 KIF14 9928
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
9 PGD 5226
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
10 GOT1 2805
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
11 CBR1 873
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
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