Gene description for DKK1
Gene name dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1
Gene symbol DKK1
Other names/aliases DKK-1
SK
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - DKK1
ExoCarta ExoCarta_22943
Vesiclepedia VP_22943
Entrez Gene 22943
HGNC 2891
MIM 605189
UniProt O94907  
 DKK1 identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Hepatocytes 26054723    
Mesenchymal stem cells Unpublished / Not applicable
Retinal pigment epithelial cells 35333565    
Retinal pigment epithelial cells 35333565    
 Gene ontology annotations for DKK1
Molecular Function
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    growth factor activity GO:0008083 TAS
    co-receptor binding GO:0039706 IBA
    co-receptor binding GO:0039706 IPI
    co-receptor binding GO:0039706 TAS
    receptor antagonist activity GO:0048019 IBA
    receptor antagonist activity GO:0048019 IDA
    low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding GO:0050750 IDA
Biological Process
    negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0000122 IDA
    negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0000122 ISS
    cell morphogenesis GO:0000902 IEA
    endoderm formation GO:0001706 IEA
    mesoderm formation GO:0001707 IEA
    hair follicle development GO:0001942 IEA
    regulation of receptor internalization GO:0002090 IDA
    heart induction GO:0003129 ISS
    heart valve development GO:0003170 ISS
    endocardial cushion development GO:0003197 ISS
    learning or memory GO:0007611 ISS
    positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628 IGI
    positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628 ISS
    negative regulation of neuron projection development GO:0010977 IEA
    negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway GO:0030178 IDA
    negative regulation of ossification GO:0030279 ISS
    embryonic limb morphogenesis GO:0030326 IEA
    negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway GO:0030514 IEA
    forebrain development GO:0030900 IEA
    negative regulation of protein binding GO:0032091 IDA
    response to retinoic acid GO:0032526 IEA
    negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation GO:0033137 IDA
    negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification GO:0042662 IDA
    regulation of endodermal cell fate specification GO:0042663 IDA
    negative regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043066 ISS
    regulation of neuron apoptotic process GO:0043523 TAS
    positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway GO:0045813 TAS
    positive regulation of JNK cascade GO:0046330 IDA
    regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic GO:0051966 IEA
    canonical Wnt signaling pathway GO:0060070 IEA
    limb development GO:0060173 ISS
    face morphogenesis GO:0060325 IEA
    negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction GO:0060392 IDA
    motor learning GO:0061743 IEA
    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway GO:0090090 IBA
    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway GO:0090090 IDA
    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway GO:0090090 IGI
    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway GO:0090090 IGI
    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway GO:0090090 ISS
    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway GO:0090090 NAS
    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway GO:0090090 TAS
    Wnt signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis GO:0090244 IEA
    synapse pruning GO:0098883 TAS
    regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation GO:1904338 TAS
    negative regulation of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly GO:1904723 IDA
    negative regulation of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly GO:1904723 IPI
    negative regulation of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly GO:1904723 TAS
    positive regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation GO:1904958 IEA
    negative regulation of presynapse assembly GO:1905607 IEA
    positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway GO:2000096 TAS
    negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation GO:2000726 IDA
Subcellular Localization
    extracellular region GO:0005576 TAS
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IBA
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IDA
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 IDA
    early endosome membrane GO:0031901 TAS
 Experiment description of studies that identified DKK1 in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 237
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
Enriched markers
HSP90B1
Negative markers
qNano
Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method RNA Sequencing
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors "He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N"
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocytes
Sample name MIHA
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RNA Sequencing
2
Experiment ID 126
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
GAPDH
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Antibody array
PubMed ID Unpublished / Not applicable
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes: The Future MSC-based Therapy?
Authors "Ruenn Chai Lai, Ronne Wee Yeh Yeo, Soon Sim Tan, Bin Zhang, Yijun Yin, Newman Siu Kwan Sze, Andre Choo, and Sai Kiang Lim"
Journal name Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy
Publication year 2011
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name huES9.E1
Isolation/purification methods HPLC
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Antobody array
Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 834
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
LAMP2|CD63|FLOT1|ITGA2B|ICAM1|CD9|CD151|TFRC|RAB5A|GAPDH|AQP1|TSG101
Enriched markers
CANX
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35333565    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description LAMP2A regulates the loading of proteins into exosomes
Authors "Ferreira JV, da Rosa Soares A, Ramalho J, Máximo Carvalho C, Cardoso MH, Pintado P, Carvalho AS, Beck HC, Matthiesen R, Zuzarte M, Girão H, van Niel G, Pereira P"
Journal name Sci Adv
Publication year 2022
Sample Retinal pigment epithelial cells
Sample name ARPE-19
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 835
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
CD63|FLOT1|ITGA2B|ICAM1|CD9|CD151|TFRC|RAB5A|GAPDH|AQP1|TSG101
Enriched markers
CANX
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35333565    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description LAMP2A regulates the loading of proteins into exosomes
Authors "Ferreira JV, da Rosa Soares A, Ramalho J, Máximo Carvalho C, Cardoso MH, Pintado P, Carvalho AS, Beck HC, Matthiesen R, Zuzarte M, Girão H, van Niel G, Pereira P"
Journal name Sci Adv
Publication year 2022
Sample Retinal pigment epithelial cells
Sample name ARPE-19
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for DKK1
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 KRTAP10-1  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
2 PSMD13 5719
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
3 CORO1A 11151
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 CTNNB1 1499
Co-localization Homo sapiens
5 AMZ2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 RC3H1 149041
Affinity Capture-RNA Homo sapiens
7 MDFI  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
8 RBM45  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
9 PITRM1 10531
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
10 FBLN1 2192
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
11 LRP6 4040
Co-localization Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
12 LRP5 4041
Co-localization Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
13 PSMD6 9861
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
14 SMAD9  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
15 TK2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
16 DPP4 1803
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
17 POTEI 653269
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
18 KREMEN2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
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