Gene description for AREG
Gene name amphiregulin
Gene symbol AREG
Other names/aliases AR
AREGB
CRDGF
SDGF
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - AREG
ExoCarta ExoCarta_374
Vesiclepedia VP_374
Entrez Gene 374
HGNC 651
MIM 104640
UniProt P15514  
 AREG identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Breast cancer cells 34887515    
Colorectal cancer cells 34887515    
Keratinocytes 19530224    
Keratinocytes 19530224    
 Gene ontology annotations for AREG
Molecular Function
    cytokine activity GO:0005125 IEA
    epidermal growth factor receptor binding GO:0005154 IBA
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    growth factor activity GO:0008083 IBA
    transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity GO:0030297 IDA
    receptor ligand activity GO:0048018 IDA
Biological Process
    epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0007173 IBA
    epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0007173 IDA
    G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0007186 IDA
    cell-cell signaling GO:0007267 TAS
    positive regulation of cell population proliferation GO:0008284 IBA
    positive regulation of cell population proliferation GO:0008284 IMP
    positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation GO:0010838 TAS
    glial cell proliferation GO:0014009 IEA
    neuron projection development GO:0031175 IEA
    response to estradiol GO:0032355 IEA
    ERBB2-EGFR signaling pathway GO:0038134 IDA
    response to hydrogen peroxide GO:0042542 IEA
    response to peptide hormone GO:0043434 IEA
    negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation GO:0045668 IEA
    positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation GO:0050731 IEA
    response to glucocorticoid GO:0051384 IEA
    response to cAMP GO:0051591 IEA
    dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis GO:0060598 IEA
    mammary gland branching involved in thelarche GO:0060744 IEA
    mammary gland alveolus development GO:0060749 IEA
    epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongation GO:0060750 IEA
Subcellular Localization
    extracellular region GO:0005576 TAS
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IBA
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IDA
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IDA
    nucleus GO:0005634 IEA
    endoplasmic reticulum membrane GO:0005789 TAS
    cell surface GO:0009986 IDA
    ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane GO:0012507 TAS
    clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane GO:0030669 TAS
    endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane GO:0033116 TAS
 Experiment description of studies that identified AREG in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 1206
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
SDCBP|FLOT1
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 34887515    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors "Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, Sohn Y, Neininger AC, Taneja N, McKinley ET, Niitsu H, Cao Z, Evans R, Glass SE, Ray KC, Fissell WH, Hill S, Rose KL, Huh WJ, Washington MK, Ayers GD, Burnette DT, Sharma S, Rome LH, Franklin JL, Lee YA, Liu Q, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Breast cancer cells
Sample name MDA-MB-231
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
ELISA
2
Experiment ID 1211
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
SDCBP
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 34887515    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors "Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, Sohn Y, Neininger AC, Taneja N, McKinley ET, Niitsu H, Cao Z, Evans R, Glass SE, Ray KC, Fissell WH, Hill S, Rose KL, Huh WJ, Washington MK, Ayers GD, Burnette DT, Sharma S, Rome LH, Franklin JL, Lee YA, Liu Q, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name HCA-7 CC
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
3
Experiment ID 189
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19530224    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Profile of exosomes related proteins released by differentiated and undifferentiated human keratinocytes.
Authors "Chavez-Muñoz C, Kilani RT, Ghahary A."
Journal name J Cell Physiol
Publication year 2009
Sample Keratinocytes
Sample name Keratinocytes - Differentiated
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Sucrose cushion
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 190
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
HSC70
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19530224    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Profile of exosomes related proteins released by differentiated and undifferentiated human keratinocytes.
Authors "Chavez-Muñoz C, Kilani RT, Ghahary A."
Journal name J Cell Physiol
Publication year 2009
Sample Keratinocytes
Sample name Keratinocytes - Undifferentiated
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Sucrose cushion
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for AREG
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 APP 351
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
2 ADCY9 115
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
3 NEURL4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 AREG 374
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 WDR92 116143
Affinity Capture-RNA Homo sapiens
Protein-RNA Homo sapiens
6 UBQLN4 56893
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
7 EGFR 1956
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
8 CYSRT1 375791
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
9 KRTAP10-8  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
10 ICAM1 3383
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
11 KRTAP10-3  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
12 SNX11 29916
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
13 CCND3  
Co-localization Homo sapiens
View the network image/svg+xml
 Pathways in which AREG is involved
PathwayEvidenceSource
Asparagine N-linked glycosylation TAS Reactome
Cargo concentration in the ER TAS Reactome
Cargo recognition for clathrin-mediated endocytosis TAS Reactome
Cellular response to chemical stress TAS Reactome
Cellular responses to stimuli TAS Reactome
Cellular responses to stress TAS Reactome
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis TAS Reactome
Constitutive Signaling by Aberrant PI3K in Cancer TAS Reactome
COPII-mediated vesicle transport TAS Reactome
Disease TAS Reactome
Diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messengers TAS Reactome
EGFR downregulation TAS Reactome
EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma TAS Reactome
ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport TAS Reactome
ESR-mediated signaling TAS Reactome
Estrogen-dependent nuclear events downstream of ESR-membrane signaling TAS Reactome
Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling TAS Reactome
GAB1 signalosome TAS Reactome
GRB2 events in EGFR signaling TAS Reactome
Inhibition of Signaling by Overexpressed EGFR TAS Reactome
Intracellular signaling by second messengers TAS Reactome
KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway TAS Reactome
MAPK family signaling cascades TAS Reactome
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling TAS Reactome
Membrane Trafficking TAS Reactome
Metabolism of proteins TAS Reactome
Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network TAS Reactome
NFE2L2 regulating tumorigenic genes TAS Reactome
Nuclear events mediated by NFE2L2 TAS Reactome
PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer TAS Reactome
PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling TAS Reactome
PIP3 activates AKT signaling TAS Reactome
Post-translational protein modification TAS Reactome
RAF/MAP kinase cascade TAS Reactome
SHC1 events in EGFR signaling TAS Reactome
Signal Transduction TAS Reactome
Signaling by EGFR TAS Reactome
Signaling by EGFR in Cancer TAS Reactome
Signaling by Nuclear Receptors TAS Reactome
Signaling by Overexpressed Wild-Type EGFR in Cancer TAS Reactome
Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases TAS Reactome
Transport to the Golgi and subsequent modification TAS Reactome
Vesicle-mediated transport TAS Reactome





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