Gene description for GREM1
Gene name gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist
Gene symbol GREM1
Other names/aliases C15DUPq
CKTSF1B1
CRAC1
CRCS4
DAND2
DRM
DUP15q
GREMLIN
HMPS
HMPS1
IHG-2
MPSH
PIG2
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - GREM1
ExoCarta ExoCarta_26585
Entrez Gene 26585
HGNC 2001
MIM 603054
UniProt O60565  
 GREM1 identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Mesenchymal stem cells Unpublished / Not applicable
 Gene ontology annotations for GREM1
Molecular Function
    receptor agonist activity GO:0048018 ISS
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    morphogen activity GO:0016015 ISS
    vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding GO:0043184 ISS
    cytokine activity GO:0005125 IEA
    BMP binding GO:0036122 ISS
    transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity GO:0030297 ISS
Biological Process
    apoptotic process GO:0006915 IEA
    positive regulation of telomerase activity GO:0051973 IDA
    negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation GO:1900158 IMP
    negative regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis GO:0090191 IEA
    signal transduction by p53 class mediator GO:0072331 ISS
    regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition GO:0010717 IMP
    activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity GO:0007171 IEA
    branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis GO:0001658 IEA
    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0045944 ISS
    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway GO:0090090 IDA
    negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation GO:0090291 IMP
    positive regulation of receptor activity GO:2000273 ISS
    positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis GO:0090190 IEA
    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation GO:0003257 ISS
    negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation GO:0060394 IDA
    positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation GO:2000727 ISS
    positive regulation of angiogenesis GO:0045766 IEA
    positive regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008284 IDA
    negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway GO:0030514 IMP
    ureteric bud formation GO:0060676 IEA
    positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus GO:0042346 IEA
    proximal/distal pattern formation GO:0009954 IEA
    regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade GO:0032872 ISS
    negative regulation of bone mineralization GO:0030502 IMP
    negative regulation of bone trabecula formation GO:1900155 IMP
    negative regulation of bone remodeling GO:0046851 IMP
    determination of dorsal identity GO:0048263 IMP
    collagen fibril organization GO:0030199 IMP
    embryonic limb morphogenesis GO:0030326 IEA
    negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation GO:0033689 IMP
    cell-cell signaling GO:0007267 IEA
    signal transduction GO:0007165 ISS
    negative regulation of cell growth GO:0030308 IEA
    positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation GO:1900086 ISS
    positive regulation of receptor internalization GO:0002092 ISS
    limb development GO:0060173 IMP
    negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis GO:0090027 ISS
    cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis GO:0002042 ISS
    negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation GO:0032331 IMP
    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045892 IEA
    mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis GO:0003337 IEA
    positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity GO:0051092 IEA
    negative regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043066 IMP
    regulation of focal adhesion assembly GO:0051893 IEA
    cell morphogenesis GO:0000902 IDA
    positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity GO:0061098 IEA
Subcellular Localization
    cell surface GO:0009986 IEA
    extracellular space GO:0005615 NAS
 Experiment description of studies that identified GREM1 in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 126
ISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
GAPDH
EV Cytosolic markers
✘ EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry [LTQ-FT Ultra]
PubMed ID Unpublished / Not applicable
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes: The Future MSC-based Therapy?
Authors Ruenn Chai Lai, Ronne Wee Yeh Yeo, Soon Sim Tan, Bin Zhang, Yijun Yin, Newman Siu Kwan Sze, Andre Choo, and Sai Kiang Lim
Journal name Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy
Publication year 2011
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name huES9.E1
Isolation/purification methods HPLC
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Antobody array
Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for GREM1
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
No interactions are found.
 Pathways in which GREM1 is involved
No pathways found





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