Gene description for GM2A
Gene name GM2 ganglioside activator
Gene symbol GM2A
Other names/aliases GM2-AP
SAP-3
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - GM2A
ExoCarta ExoCarta_2760
Vesiclepedia VP_2760
Entrez Gene 2760
HGNC 4367
MIM 613109
UniProt P17900  
 GM2A identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Chondrocytes 35931686    
Chondrocytes 35931686    
Keratinocytes 19530224    
Keratinocytes 19530224    
Urine 19056867    
 Gene ontology annotations for GM2A
Molecular Function
    lipid transporter activity GO:0005319 IBA
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    phospholipase activator activity GO:0016004 IEA
    sphingolipid activator protein activity GO:0030290 TAS
    beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity GO:0032428 IEA
Biological Process
    ganglioside catabolic process GO:0006689 IBA
    lipid transport GO:0006869 IBA
    learning or memory GO:0007611 IEA
    oligosaccharide catabolic process GO:0009313 IEA
    lipid storage GO:0019915 IEA
    glycosphingolipid catabolic process GO:0046479 TAS
    neuromuscular process controlling balance GO:0050885 IEA
    maintenance of location in cell GO:0051651 IEA
Subcellular Localization
    extracellular region GO:0005576 TAS
    cytosol GO:0005829 IDA
    cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane GO:0009898 IBA
    basolateral plasma membrane GO:0016323 IEA
    apical plasma membrane GO:0016324 IEA
    azurophil granule lumen GO:0035578 TAS
    lysosomal lumen GO:0043202 TAS
    intracellular membrane-bounded organelle GO:0043231 IDA
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 HDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified GM2A in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 489
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 6
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
2
Experiment ID 490
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 7
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
3
Experiment ID 491
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
4
Experiment ID 492
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
✔
Canx
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 9
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
5
Experiment ID 497
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD9|CD151|CD63|CD81|CD82|FLOT1|FLOT2|GAPDH|LAMP1|LAMP2|RAB5A|SDCBP|TFRC|TSG101|UCHL1
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35931686    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Extracellular vesicles enriched in connexin 43 promote a senescent phenotype in bone and synovial cells contributing to osteoarthritis progression
Authors "Varela-Eirín M, Carpintero-Fernández P, Guitián-Caamaño A, Varela-Vázquez A, García-Yuste A, Sánchez-Temprano A, Bravo-López SB, Yañez-Cabanas J, Fonseca E, Largo R, Mobasheri A, Caeiro JR, Mayán MD."
Journal name Cell Death Dis
Publication year 2022
Sample Chondrocytes
Sample name T/C-28a2
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
6
Experiment ID 498
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD9|CD151|CD63|CD81|CD82|FLOT1|FLOT2|GAPDH|LAMP1|LAMP2|RAB5A|SDCBP|TFRC|TSG101|UCHL1
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35931686    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Extracellular vesicles enriched in connexin 43 promote a senescent phenotype in bone and synovial cells contributing to osteoarthritis progression
Authors "Varela-Eirín M, Carpintero-Fernández P, Guitián-Caamaño A, Varela-Vázquez A, García-Yuste A, Sánchez-Temprano A, Bravo-López SB, Yañez-Cabanas J, Fonseca E, Largo R, Mobasheri A, Caeiro JR, Mayán MD."
Journal name Cell Death Dis
Publication year 2022
Sample Chondrocytes
Sample name T/C-28a2
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
7
Experiment ID 189
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✘ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19530224    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Profile of exosomes related proteins released by differentiated and undifferentiated human keratinocytes.
Authors "Chavez-Muñoz C, Kilani RT, Ghahary A."
Journal name J Cell Physiol
Publication year 2009
Sample Keratinocytes
Sample name Keratinocytes - Differentiated
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Sucrose cushion
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
8
Experiment ID 190
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
HSC70
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19530224    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Profile of exosomes related proteins released by differentiated and undifferentiated human keratinocytes.
Authors "Chavez-Muñoz C, Kilani RT, Ghahary A."
Journal name J Cell Physiol
Publication year 2009
Sample Keratinocytes
Sample name Keratinocytes - Undifferentiated
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Sucrose cushion
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
9
Experiment ID 63
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
AQP2
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19056867    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
Authors "Gonzales PA, Pisitkun T, Hoffert JD, Tchapyjnikov D, Star RA, Kleta R, Wang NS, Knepper MA"
Journal name JASN
Publication year 2009
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LTQ]
Western blotting
 Protein-protein interactions for GM2A
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 SSBP4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
2 GSTP1 2950
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
3 TRIM21 6737
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 PRSS16 10279
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 MRM1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 RHBDD1 84236
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
7 KLHL11  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
8 CLIC1 1192
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
9 VNN2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
10 AGPAT1 10554
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
11 SLC25A6 293
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
12 AIFM1 9131
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
13 PIGT 51604
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
14 CCNC  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
15 NT5C1A  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
16 SPR 6697
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
17 C16orf70  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
18 LAP3 51056
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
19 DDX19B 11269
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
20 ST6GALNAC6 30815
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
21 TBC1D22B  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
22 ACTA2 59
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
23 NUDT3 11165
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
24 EMC4 51234
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
25 SH2D3A  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
26 PCP4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
27 ATP6AP2 10159
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
28 ELAVL1 1994
Affinity Capture-RNA Homo sapiens
29 ZIC1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
30 TREX2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
31 PTDSS1 9791
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
32 HNRNPA1 3178
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
33 FTH1 2495
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
34 ST7  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
35 GSKIP  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
36 CERS3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
37 FAM60A  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
38 C21orf59 56683
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
39 HEXA 3073
Co-purification Homo sapiens
40 HSF2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
41 SF3A1 10291
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
42 RTCA 8634
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
43 ERCC3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
44 MBNL1 4154
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
45 KIR3DS1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
46 CDH1 999
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
47 CRYZ 1429
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
48 L2HGDH  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
49 TEFM  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
50 SARAF  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
51 AIRE  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
52 TSPAN6 7105
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
53 PINK1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
54 HOXD3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
55 CCDC51 79714
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
56 SSUH2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
57 PDE4DIP 9659
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
58 GNB2 2783
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
59 OR2A4 79541
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
60 GMCL1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
61 GID8 54994
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
62 GABPA 2551
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
63 CCR1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
64 STX17 55014
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
65 RIPPLY3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
66 POC5  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
67 PHF11 51131
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
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