Gene description for IL6
Gene name interleukin 6
Gene symbol IL6
Other names/aliases BSF2
HGF
HSF
IFNB2
IL-6
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - IL6
ExoCarta ExoCarta_3569
Vesiclepedia VP_3569
Entrez Gene 3569
HGNC 6018
MIM 147620
UniProt P05231  
 IL6 identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Fibroblasts 36266345    
Fibroblasts 36266345    
Fibroblasts 36266345    
Fibroblasts 36266345    
Fibroblasts 36266345    
Fibroblasts 36266345    
Fibroblasts 36266345    
Fibroblasts 36266345    
Fibroblasts 36266345    
Plasma 34112803    
 Gene ontology annotations for IL6
Molecular Function
    cytokine activity GO:0005125 IBA
    cytokine activity GO:0005125 IDA
    cytokine activity GO:0005125 ISS
    cytokine activity GO:0005125 NAS
    cytokine activity GO:0005125 TAS
    interleukin-6 receptor binding GO:0005138 IPI
    interleukin-6 receptor binding GO:0005138 IPI
    interleukin-6 receptor binding GO:0005138 NAS
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    growth factor activity GO:0008083 IBA
    growth factor activity GO:0008083 IDA
    identical protein binding GO:0042802 IPI
Biological Process
    neutrophil apoptotic process GO:0001781 IDA
    germinal center B cell differentiation GO:0002314 ISS
    hepatic immune response GO:0002384 IDA
    hepatic immune response GO:0002384 TAS
    neutrophil mediated immunity GO:0002446 TAS
    monocyte chemotaxis GO:0002548 IC
    positive regulation of immunoglobulin production GO:0002639 IDA
    positive regulation of immunoglobulin production GO:0002639 ISS
    positive regulation of acute inflammatory response GO:0002675 IDA
    positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis GO:0002690 TAS
    acute-phase response GO:0006953 TAS
    inflammatory response GO:0006954 IDA
    inflammatory response GO:0006954 TAS
    humoral immune response GO:0006959 IC
    cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT GO:0007259 IMP
    positive regulation of cell population proliferation GO:0008284 IBA
    positive regulation of cell population proliferation GO:0008284 IDA
    positive regulation of cell population proliferation GO:0008284 IGI
    positive regulation of cell population proliferation GO:0008284 IMP
    negative regulation of cell population proliferation GO:0008285 TAS
    vascular endothelial growth factor production GO:0010573 IDA
    regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production GO:0010574 IDA
    positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production GO:0010575 IMP
    positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628 IDA
    positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628 IGI
    positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition GO:0010718 IDA
    negative regulation of lipid storage GO:0010888 NAS
    response to activity GO:0014823 ISS
    cytokine-mediated signaling pathway GO:0019221 IDA
    platelet activation GO:0030168 TAS
    endocrine pancreas development GO:0031018 ISS
    neuron projection development GO:0031175 IMP
    response to peptidoglycan GO:0032494 NAS
    negative regulation of chemokine production GO:0032682 ISS
    positive regulation of chemokine production GO:0032722 IDA
    positive regulation of chemokine production GO:0032722 NAS
    positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production GO:0032731 IGI
    positive regulation of interleukin-10 production GO:0032733 IDA
    positive regulation of interleukin-17 production GO:0032740 ISS
    positive regulation of interleukin-21 production GO:0032745 ISS
    positive regulation of interleukin-6 production GO:0032755 IDA
    positive regulation of interleukin-8 production GO:0032757 IDA
    positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production GO:0032760 IDA
    negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process GO:0032966 IDA
    positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation GO:0033138 IDA
    maintenance of blood-brain barrier GO:0035633 TAS
    positive regulation of T cell proliferation GO:0042102 IDA
    glucose homeostasis GO:0042593 IDA
    positive regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043065 IDA
    negative regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043066 IDA
    positive regulation of MAPK cascade GO:0043410 IDA
    positive regulation of MAPK cascade GO:0043410 IDA
    negative regulation of fat cell differentiation GO:0045599 NAS
    positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation GO:0045669 TAS
    positive regulation of translation GO:0045727 IDA
    regulation of angiogenesis GO:0045765 IC
    negative regulation of bone resorption GO:0045779 ISS
    positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription GO:0045893 IDA
    positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription GO:0045893 IMP
    positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944 IDA
    positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944 IDA
    positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944 ISS
    positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT GO:0046427 IBA
    positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT GO:0046427 IC
    positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT GO:0046427 IDA
    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation GO:0048661 IDA
    positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation GO:0050731 IDA
    negative regulation of neurogenesis GO:0050768 TAS
    regulation of insulin secretion GO:0050796 IDA
    defense response to Gram-negative bacterium GO:0050829 TAS
    defense response to Gram-positive bacterium GO:0050830 TAS
    positive regulation of B cell activation GO:0050871 IDA
    positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity GO:0051091 IDA
    response to glucocorticoid GO:0051384 IDA
    defense response to virus GO:0051607 IDA
    positive regulation of glial cell proliferation GO:0060252 IDA
    T follicular helper cell differentiation GO:0061470 ISS
    regulation of astrocyte activation GO:0061888 TAS
    neuron cellular homeostasis GO:0070050 TAS
    glucagon secretion GO:0070091 ISS
    regulation of glucagon secretion GO:0070092 IDA
    interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway GO:0070102 IDA
    interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway GO:0070102 IMP
    interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway GO:0070102 ISS
    cellular response to hydrogen peroxide GO:0070301 IDA
    cellular response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0071222 IMP
    T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment GO:0072540 ISS
    hepatocyte proliferation GO:0072574 ISS
    positive regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly GO:0090091 IMP
    inflammatory response to wounding GO:0090594 IDA
    liver regeneration GO:0097421 ISS
    cell surface receptor signaling pathway via STAT GO:0097696 IDA
    cell surface receptor signaling pathway via STAT GO:0097696 IMP
    cellular response to virus GO:0098586 ISS
    regulation of neuroinflammatory response GO:0150077 TAS
    positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response GO:0150078 TAS
    positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response GO:1900017 IGI
    positive regulation of platelet aggregation GO:1901731 IDA
    positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation GO:1902512 IMP
    positive regulation of miRNA transcription GO:1902895 IDA
    regulation of microglial cell activation GO:1903978 TAS
    positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT GO:1904894 IGI
    positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell GO:1904996 IDA
    positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production GO:2000553 ISS
    negative regulation of primary miRNA processing GO:2000635 IGI
    negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway GO:2000660 ISS
    positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process GO:2000676 TAS
Subcellular Localization
    extracellular region GO:0005576 TAS
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IBA
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IDA
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IDA
    endoplasmic reticulum lumen GO:0005788 TAS
    interleukin-6 receptor complex GO:0005896 IBA
    interleukin-6 receptor complex GO:0005896 IDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified IL6 in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 1348
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
FLOT1|CD9|CD81
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 36266345    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Tumor-produced and aging-associated oncometabolite methylmalonic acid promotes cancer-associated fibroblast activation to drive metastatic progression
Authors "Li Z, Low V, Luga V, Sun J, Earlie E, Parang B, Shobana Ganesh K, Cho S, Endress J, Schild T, Hu M, Lyden D, Jin W, Guo C, Dephoure N, Cantley LC, Laughney AM, Blenis J."
Journal name Nat Commun
Publication year 2022
Sample Fibroblasts
Sample name MRC-5
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
2
Experiment ID 1349
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
FLOT1|CD9|CD81
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 36266345    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Tumor-produced and aging-associated oncometabolite methylmalonic acid promotes cancer-associated fibroblast activation to drive metastatic progression
Authors "Li Z, Low V, Luga V, Sun J, Earlie E, Parang B, Shobana Ganesh K, Cho S, Endress J, Schild T, Hu M, Lyden D, Jin W, Guo C, Dephoure N, Cantley LC, Laughney AM, Blenis J."
Journal name Nat Commun
Publication year 2022
Sample Fibroblasts
Sample name MRC-5
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
3
Experiment ID 1352
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
CD81
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 36266345    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Tumor-produced and aging-associated oncometabolite methylmalonic acid promotes cancer-associated fibroblast activation to drive metastatic progression
Authors "Li Z, Low V, Luga V, Sun J, Earlie E, Parang B, Shobana Ganesh K, Cho S, Endress J, Schild T, Hu M, Lyden D, Jin W, Guo C, Dephoure N, Cantley LC, Laughney AM, Blenis J."
Journal name Nat Commun
Publication year 2022
Sample Fibroblasts
Sample name MRC-5
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
4
Experiment ID 1354
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
CD81
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 36266345    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Tumor-produced and aging-associated oncometabolite methylmalonic acid promotes cancer-associated fibroblast activation to drive metastatic progression
Authors "Li Z, Low V, Luga V, Sun J, Earlie E, Parang B, Shobana Ganesh K, Cho S, Endress J, Schild T, Hu M, Lyden D, Jin W, Guo C, Dephoure N, Cantley LC, Laughney AM, Blenis J."
Journal name Nat Commun
Publication year 2022
Sample Fibroblasts
Sample name MRC-5
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
5
Experiment ID 1356
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
CD81
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 36266345    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Tumor-produced and aging-associated oncometabolite methylmalonic acid promotes cancer-associated fibroblast activation to drive metastatic progression
Authors "Li Z, Low V, Luga V, Sun J, Earlie E, Parang B, Shobana Ganesh K, Cho S, Endress J, Schild T, Hu M, Lyden D, Jin W, Guo C, Dephoure N, Cantley LC, Laughney AM, Blenis J."
Journal name Nat Commun
Publication year 2022
Sample Fibroblasts
Sample name MRC-5
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
6
Experiment ID 1357
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
CD81
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 36266345    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Tumor-produced and aging-associated oncometabolite methylmalonic acid promotes cancer-associated fibroblast activation to drive metastatic progression
Authors "Li Z, Low V, Luga V, Sun J, Earlie E, Parang B, Shobana Ganesh K, Cho S, Endress J, Schild T, Hu M, Lyden D, Jin W, Guo C, Dephoure N, Cantley LC, Laughney AM, Blenis J."
Journal name Nat Commun
Publication year 2022
Sample Fibroblasts
Sample name MRC-5
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
7
Experiment ID 1358
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
CD81
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 36266345    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Tumor-produced and aging-associated oncometabolite methylmalonic acid promotes cancer-associated fibroblast activation to drive metastatic progression
Authors "Li Z, Low V, Luga V, Sun J, Earlie E, Parang B, Shobana Ganesh K, Cho S, Endress J, Schild T, Hu M, Lyden D, Jin W, Guo C, Dephoure N, Cantley LC, Laughney AM, Blenis J."
Journal name Nat Commun
Publication year 2022
Sample Fibroblasts
Sample name MRC-5
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
8
Experiment ID 1359
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
CD81
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 36266345    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Tumor-produced and aging-associated oncometabolite methylmalonic acid promotes cancer-associated fibroblast activation to drive metastatic progression
Authors "Li Z, Low V, Luga V, Sun J, Earlie E, Parang B, Shobana Ganesh K, Cho S, Endress J, Schild T, Hu M, Lyden D, Jin W, Guo C, Dephoure N, Cantley LC, Laughney AM, Blenis J."
Journal name Nat Commun
Publication year 2022
Sample Fibroblasts
Sample name MRC-5
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
9
Experiment ID 1360
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
CD81
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 36266345    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Tumor-produced and aging-associated oncometabolite methylmalonic acid promotes cancer-associated fibroblast activation to drive metastatic progression
Authors "Li Z, Low V, Luga V, Sun J, Earlie E, Parang B, Shobana Ganesh K, Cho S, Endress J, Schild T, Hu M, Lyden D, Jin W, Guo C, Dephoure N, Cantley LC, Laughney AM, Blenis J."
Journal name Nat Commun
Publication year 2022
Sample Fibroblasts
Sample name MRC-5
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
10
Experiment ID 526
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
Enriched markers
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method ELISA
PubMed ID 34112803    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Tumor microenvironmental cytokines bound to cancer exosomes determine uptake by cytokine receptor-expressing cells and biodistribution
Authors "Lima LG, Ham S, Shin H, Chai EPZ, Lek ESH, Lobb RJ, Müller AF, Mathivanan S, Yeo B, Choi Y, Parker BS, Möller A. "
Journal name Nat Commun
Publication year 2021
Sample Plasma
Sample name Pooled plasma from breast cancer patients
Isolation/purification methods Size exclusion chromatography
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study ELISA
 Protein-protein interactions for IL6
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 HRH1  
Co-localization Homo sapiens
2 RC3H1 149041
Affinity Capture-RNA Homo sapiens
3 USP14 9097
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
4 IL12RB1  
Negative Genetic Homo sapiens
5 IL6R  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
6 SH3GL2  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
7 ZBTB16  
Co-localization Homo sapiens
8 JAK1 3716
Positive Genetic Homo sapiens
View the network image/svg+xml
 Pathways in which IL6 is involved
PathwayEvidenceSource
ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production TAS Reactome
Anti-inflammatory response favouring Leishmania parasite infection TAS Reactome
CD163 mediating an anti-inflammatory response TAS Reactome
Cellular responses to stimuli TAS Reactome
Cellular responses to stress TAS Reactome
Cellular Senescence TAS Reactome
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system TAS Reactome
Disease TAS Reactome
Gene expression (Transcription) TAS Reactome
Generic Transcription Pathway TAS Reactome
Immune System TAS Reactome
Infectious disease TAS Reactome
Interleukin-10 signaling TAS Reactome
Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling TAS Reactome
Interleukin-6 family signaling TAS Reactome
Interleukin-6 signaling TAS Reactome
Leishmania infection TAS Reactome
Leishmania parasite growth and survival TAS Reactome
MAPK family signaling cascades TAS Reactome
MAPK1 (ERK2) activation TAS Reactome
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling TAS Reactome
MAPK3 (ERK1) activation TAS Reactome
Metabolism of proteins TAS Reactome
Parasitic Infection Pathways TAS Reactome
Post-translational protein modification TAS Reactome
Post-translational protein phosphorylation TAS Reactome
RAF-independent MAPK1/3 activation TAS Reactome
Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) TAS Reactome
RNA Polymerase II Transcription TAS Reactome
Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) TAS Reactome
Signal Transduction TAS Reactome
Signaling by Interleukins TAS Reactome
Transcriptional Regulation by VENTX TAS Reactome





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