Gene description for DFFA
Gene name DNA fragmentation factor, 45kDa, alpha polypeptide
Gene symbol DFFA
Other names/aliases DFF-45
DFF1
ICAD
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - DFFA
ExoCarta ExoCarta_1676
Vesiclepedia VP_1676
Entrez Gene 1676
HGNC 2772
MIM 601882
UniProt O00273  
 DFFA identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Breast cancer cells 34108659    
Breast cancer cells 34108659    
Embryonic kidney cells 34108659    
Embryonic kidney cells 34108659    
Gastric cancer cells 33991177    
Gastric cancer cells 33991177    
Gastric cancer cells 33991177    
Mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Pancreatic cancer cells 34108659    
Pancreatic cancer cells 34108659    
 Gene ontology annotations for DFFA
Molecular Function
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    protein domain specific binding GO:0019904 IPI
    protein folding chaperone GO:0044183 IPI
    deoxyribonuclease inhibitor activity GO:0060703 IMP
Biological Process
    apoptotic DNA fragmentation GO:0006309 IEA
    negative regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity GO:0032076 IMP
    positive regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043065 IEA
    chaperone-mediated protein folding GO:0061077 IMP
    thymocyte apoptotic process GO:0070242 IEA
    negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis GO:1900118 IBA
    negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis GO:1900118 IDA
    negative regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation GO:1902511 IDA
    negative regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation GO:1902511 IDA
Subcellular Localization
    chromatin GO:0000785 IBA
    chromatin GO:0000785 IDA
    nucleus GO:0005634 IDA
    nucleoplasm GO:0005654 TAS
    cytosol GO:0005829 IDA
    cytosol GO:0005829 TAS
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 IDA
    protein-containing complex GO:0032991 IDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified DFFA in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 426
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Breast cancer cells
Sample name MDA-MB-231 - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
2
Experiment ID 427
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Breast cancer cells
Sample name MDA-MB-231 - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 419
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 419
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
5
Experiment ID 420
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
6
Experiment ID 420
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
7
Experiment ID 363
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|GAPDH|AQP1|CD151|CD81|CD82|CD9|EPCAM|FLOT1|FLOT2|ICAM1|ITGA2B|LAMP2|RAB35|RAB5A|RAB5B|SDCBP|TFRC|UCHL1
Enriched markers
✔
DCLK1
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 33991177    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 reprograms small extracellular vesicles toward migratory phenotype in gastric cancer cells
Authors "Carli ALE, Afshar-Sterle S, Rai A, Fang H, O'Keefe R, Tse J, Ferguson FM, Gray NS, Ernst M, Greening DW, Buchert M."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2021
Sample Gastric cancer cells
Sample name MKN1 - 100K pellet
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
8
Experiment ID 364
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|GAPDH|AQP1|CD151|CD81|CD82|CD9|EPCAM|FLOT1|FLOT2|ICAM1|ITGA2B|LAMP2|RAB35|RAB5A|RAB5B|SDCBP|TFRC|UCHL1
Enriched markers
✔
DCLK1
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 33991177    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 reprograms small extracellular vesicles toward migratory phenotype in gastric cancer cells
Authors "Carli ALE, Afshar-Sterle S, Rai A, Fang H, O'Keefe R, Tse J, Ferguson FM, Gray NS, Ernst M, Greening DW, Buchert M."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2021
Sample Gastric cancer cells
Sample name MKN1 - 100K pellet
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
9
Experiment ID 365
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|GAPDH|AQP1|CD151|CD81|CD82|CD9|EPCAM|FLOT1|FLOT2|ICAM1|ITGA2B|LAMP2|RAB35|RAB5A|RAB5B|SDCBP|TFRC|UCHL1
Enriched markers
✔
DCLK1
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 33991177    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 reprograms small extracellular vesicles toward migratory phenotype in gastric cancer cells
Authors "Carli ALE, Afshar-Sterle S, Rai A, Fang H, O'Keefe R, Tse J, Ferguson FM, Gray NS, Ernst M, Greening DW, Buchert M."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2021
Sample Gastric cancer cells
Sample name MKN1 - 100K pellet
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
10
Experiment ID 488
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD9|CD81|CD63|GAPDH|SDCBP|LAMP1|TFRC|UCHL1|FLOT2|LAMP2|FLOT1|ICAM1|RAB5B|CD151|RAB35|TSG101|RAB5A|CD82
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name UCMSC
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
11
Experiment ID 434
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Pancreatic cancer cells
Sample name PANC-1 - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
12
Experiment ID 435
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Pancreatic cancer cells
Sample name PANC-1 - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for DFFA
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 HERC1 8925
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
2 CNBP 7555
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
3 CTPS1 1503
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
4 FAM118B  
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
5 FDPS 2224
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 IL18 3606
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
7 NECAB2  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
8 MAT2A 4144
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
9 CASP7  
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
10 GNB4 59345
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
11 PRNP 5621
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
12 EGLN3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
13 GTF2I 2969
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
14 UNC45A 55898
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
15 BZW2 28969
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
16 FERMT2 10979
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
17 PRKAA2 5563
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
18 NSUN2 54888
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
19 USP15 9958
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
20 SEPT5 5413
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
21 PPP5C 5536
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
22 YWHAZ 7534
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
23 MCC 4163
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
24 HSPB1 3315
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
25 DFFB  
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
26 MAT2B 27430
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
27 GZMM  
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
28 DUSP12 11266
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
29 PRKDC 5591
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
30 TUBA1A 7846
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
31 NXF1 10482
Affinity Capture-RNA Homo sapiens
32 GZMB  
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
33 BAK1 578
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
34 RPS6KA3 6197
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
35 CKB 1152
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
36 MOV10 4343
Affinity Capture-RNA Homo sapiens
37 ROCK2 9475
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
38 UBA3 9039
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
39 TUBB 203068
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
40 NTRK1 4914
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
41 CASP3 836
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
Co-localization Homo sapiens
42 TOM1L2 146691
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
43 GAPDH 2597
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
44 RNF25 64320
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
45 EIF6 3692
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
46 TMBIM4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
47 ISOC1 51015
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
48 YWHAG 7532
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
49 CIDEB  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
50 EWSR1 2130
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
51 ROCK1 6093
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
52 NUDT5 11164
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
53 TSPYL4 23270
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
54 ATG3 64422
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
55 NAP1L5  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
56 EIF5 1983
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
57 PFAS 5198
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
View the network image/svg+xml
 Pathways in which DFFA is involved
PathwayEvidenceSource
Apoptosis TAS Reactome
Apoptosis induced DNA fragmentation TAS Reactome
Apoptotic execution phase TAS Reactome
Programmed Cell Death TAS Reactome





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