Gene description for ACE
Gene name angiotensin I converting enzyme
Gene symbol ACE
Other names/aliases ACE1
CD143
DCP
DCP1
ICH
MVCD3
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - ACE
ExoCarta ExoCarta_1636
Vesiclepedia VP_1636
Entrez Gene 1636
HGNC 2707
MIM 106180
UniProt P12821  
 ACE identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Colorectal cancer cells 19837982    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 25890246    
Colorectal cancer cells 25890246    
Colorectal cancer cells 25890246    
Colorectal cancer cells 34887515    
Lung cancer cells 34887515    
Pancreatic cancer cells 34887515    
Plasma 34887515    
Urine 15326289    
Urine 19056867    
Urine 21082674    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 22418980    
Urine 22418980    
 Gene ontology annotations for ACE
Molecular Function
    tripeptidyl-peptidase activity GO:0008240 IDA
    actin binding GO:0003779 IDA
    drug binding GO:0008144 IDA
    carboxypeptidase activity GO:0004180 IEA
    bradykinin receptor binding GO:0031711 IPI
    endopeptidase activity GO:0004175 IDA
    mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding GO:0031434 IPI
    mitogen-activated protein kinase binding GO:0051019 IPI
    peptidyl-dipeptidase activity GO:0008241 ISS
    metallopeptidase activity GO:0008237 ISS
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    exopeptidase activity GO:0008238 IDA
    zinc ion binding GO:0008270 IDA
    chloride ion binding GO:0031404 IDA
Biological Process
    regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin GO:0003081 IMP
    spermatogenesis GO:0007283 ISS
    blood vessel remodeling GO:0001974 IC
    antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I GO:0002474 TAS
    regulation of renal output by angiotensin GO:0002019 IC
    kidney development GO:0001822 IMP
    beta-amyloid metabolic process GO:0050435 IDA
    negative regulation of gap junction assembly GO:1903597 ISS
    regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation GO:1902033 ISS
    peptide catabolic process GO:0043171 IDA
    positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation GO:1900086 ISS
    regulation of vasodilation GO:0042312 IC
    heart contraction GO:0060047 ISS
    positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity GO:0061098 ISS
    regulation of angiotensin metabolic process GO:0060177 IDA
    cell proliferation in bone marrow GO:0071838 ISS
    neutrophil mediated immunity GO:0002446 ISS
    cellular protein metabolic process GO:0044267 TAS
    angiotensin maturation GO:0002003 TAS
    angiotensin catabolic process in blood GO:0002005 IC
    positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation GO:2000170 ISS
    regulation of smooth muscle cell migration GO:0014910 ISS
    mononuclear cell proliferation GO:0032943 IC
    regulation of vasoconstriction GO:0019229 IC
    hematopoietic stem cell differentiation GO:0060218 IC
    hormone catabolic process GO:0042447 ISS
    regulation of blood pressure GO:0008217 ISS
    arachidonic acid secretion GO:0050482 IDA
Subcellular Localization
    integral component of membrane GO:0016021 IEA
    extracellular region GO:0005576 TAS
    external side of plasma membrane GO:0009897 IDA
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IDA
    endosome GO:0005768 IDA
    lysosome GO:0005764 IDA
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 IDA
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 TAS
 Experiment description of studies that identified ACE in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 21
MISEV standards
✔
EM|IEM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|HSP70|CD63
EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method
Mass spectrometry   
PubMed ID 19837982    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic and bioinformatic analysis of immunoaffinity-purified exosomes derived from the human colon tumor cell line LIM1215.
Authors Suresh Mathivanan, Justin W.E. Lim, Bow J. Tauro, Hong Ji, Robert L. Moritz and Richard J. Simpson
Journal name MCP
Publication year 2009
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1215
Isolation/purification methods Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.10-1.12 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [Orbitrap]
Western blotting
2
Experiment ID 207
MISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|HSP70|FLOT1
EV Enriched markers
✔
VDAC
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DKO-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 208
MISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|HSP70|FLOT1
EV Enriched markers
✔
VDAC
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name Dks-8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 209
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|HSP70|FLOT1
EV Enriched markers
✔
VDAC
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DLD-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
5
Experiment ID 282
MISEV standards
✔
CEM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|CD63|CD81|EpCAM
EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✔
DLS
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25890246    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Highly-purified exosomes and shed microvesicles isolated from the human colon cancer cell line LIM1863 by sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration are biochemically and functionally distinct.
Authors Xu R, Greening DW, Rai A, Ji H, Simpson RJ.
Journal name Methods
Publication year 2015
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1863 - Ultracentrifugation - Rep 1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Centrifugal concentration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
6
Experiment ID 285
MISEV standards
✔
CEM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|CD63|CD81|EpCAM
EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✔
DLS
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25890246    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Highly-purified exosomes and shed microvesicles isolated from the human colon cancer cell line LIM1863 by sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration are biochemically and functionally distinct.
Authors Xu R, Greening DW, Rai A, Ji H, Simpson RJ.
Journal name Methods
Publication year 2015
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1863 - Sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration - Rep 1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration
Centrifugal concentration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
7
Experiment ID 286
MISEV standards
✔
CEM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|CD63|CD81|EpCAM
EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✔
DLS
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25890246    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Highly-purified exosomes and shed microvesicles isolated from the human colon cancer cell line LIM1863 by sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration are biochemically and functionally distinct.
Authors Xu R, Greening DW, Rai A, Ji H, Simpson RJ.
Journal name Methods
Publication year 2015
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1863 - Sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration - Rep 2
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration
Centrifugal concentration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
8
Experiment ID 1202
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|CD9|FLOT1
EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 34887515    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, Sohn Y, Neininger AC, Taneja N, McKinley ET, Niitsu H, Cao Z, Evans R, Glass SE, Ray KC, Fissell WH, Hill S, Rose KL, Huh WJ, Washington MK, Ayers GD, Burnette DT, Sharma S, Rome LH, Franklin JL, Lee YA, Liu Q, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1215
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
9
Experiment ID 1201
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|CD9|FLOT1
EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 34887515    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, Sohn Y, Neininger AC, Taneja N, McKinley ET, Niitsu H, Cao Z, Evans R, Glass SE, Ray KC, Fissell WH, Hill S, Rose KL, Huh WJ, Washington MK, Ayers GD, Burnette DT, Sharma S, Rome LH, Franklin JL, Lee YA, Liu Q, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Lung cancer cells
Sample name Calu-3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
10
Experiment ID 1205
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
FLOT1|SDCBP
EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 34887515    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, Sohn Y, Neininger AC, Taneja N, McKinley ET, Niitsu H, Cao Z, Evans R, Glass SE, Ray KC, Fissell WH, Hill S, Rose KL, Huh WJ, Washington MK, Ayers GD, Burnette DT, Sharma S, Rome LH, Franklin JL, Lee YA, Liu Q, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Pancreatic cancer cells
Sample name PANC-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
11
Experiment ID 1204
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1
EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 34887515    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, Sohn Y, Neininger AC, Taneja N, McKinley ET, Niitsu H, Cao Z, Evans R, Glass SE, Ray KC, Fissell WH, Hill S, Rose KL, Huh WJ, Washington MK, Ayers GD, Burnette DT, Sharma S, Rome LH, Franklin JL, Lee YA, Liu Q, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Plasma
Sample name Colorectal cancer patients
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
ELISA
12
Experiment ID 13
MISEV standards
✔
IEM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|RAB4|RAB5B|RAB11|TSG101|CD9|AQP2|AQP1
EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 15326289    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine.
Authors Pisitkun T, Shen RF, Knepper MA
Journal name PNAS
Publication year 2004
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LCQ DECA XP]
Western blotting
13
Experiment ID 63
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
AQP2
EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19056867    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
Authors Gonzales PA, Pisitkun T, Hoffert JD, Tchapyjnikov D, Star RA, Kleta R, Wang NS, Knepper MA
Journal name JASN
Publication year 2009
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LTQ]
Western blotting
14
Experiment ID 102
MISEV standards
✔
IEM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
AQP2
EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21082674    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Comprehensive analysis of low-abundance proteins in human urinary exosomes using peptide ligand library technology, peptide OFFGEL fractionation and nanoHPLC-chip-MS/MS.
Authors Zhang Y, Li Y, Qiu F, Qiu Z.
Journal name ELEC
Publication year 2010
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Immunoelectron Microscopy
15
Experiment ID 193
MISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
CD63|CD9
EV Enriched markers
✔
PHB
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
16
Experiment ID 194
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✘ EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of basement membrane nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
17
Experiment ID 195
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✘ EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of early IgA nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
18
Experiment ID 196
MISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|HSP70|CD9
EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 22418980    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description A multiplex quantitative proteomics strategy for protein biomarker studies in urinary exosomes.
Authors Raj DA, Fiume I, Capasso G, Pocsfalvi G.
Journal name Kidney Int
Publication year 2012
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal high density
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose cushion
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
19
Experiment ID 197
MISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|HSP70|CD9
EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 22418980    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description A multiplex quantitative proteomics strategy for protein biomarker studies in urinary exosomes.
Authors Raj DA, Fiume I, Capasso G, Pocsfalvi G.
Journal name Kidney Int
Publication year 2012
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal low density
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose cushion
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for ACE
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
No interactions are found.
 Pathways in which ACE is involved
PathwayEvidenceSource
Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins TAS Reactome





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