Gene description for GNAT2
Gene name guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha transducing activity polypeptide 2
Gene symbol GNAT2
Other names/aliases ACHM4
GNATC
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - GNAT2
ExoCarta ExoCarta_2780
Entrez Gene 2780
HGNC 4394
MIM 139340
UniProt P19087  
 GNAT2 identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Neuroblastoma cells 25944692    
Prostate cancer cells 25844599    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
 Gene ontology annotations for GNAT2
Molecular Function
    G-protein coupled receptor binding GO:0001664 IBA
    G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding GO:0031683 IBA
    GTPase activity GO:0003924 IBA
    G-protein coupled photoreceptor activity GO:0008020 NAS
    metal ion binding GO:0046872 IEA
    GTP binding GO:0005525 NAS
    signal transducer activity GO:0004871 IBA
Biological Process
    retinal cone cell development GO:0046549 IEA
    detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception GO:0050908 IMP
    visual perception GO:0007601 NAS
    detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste GO:0001580 IBA
    metabolic process GO:0008152 IEA
    phototransduction GO:0007602 NAS
    positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration GO:0007204 IEA
    response to light intensity GO:0009642 IEA
    G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0007186 NAS
    adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0007188 IBA
Subcellular Localization
    photoreceptor outer segment membrane GO:0042622 ISS
    photoreceptor outer segment GO:0001750 ISS
    photoreceptor inner segment GO:0001917 IDA
    cytosol GO:0005829 IEA
    heterotrimeric G-protein complex GO:0005834 NAS
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 TAS
 Experiment description of studies that identified GNAT2 in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 224
ISEV standards
✔
EM|AFM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD63|CD81
EV Membrane markers
✔
GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25944692    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteogenomic analysis reveals exosomes are more oncogenic than ectosomes
Authors Keerthikumar S, Gangoda L, Liem M, Fonseka P, Atukorala I, Ozcitti C, Mechler A, Adda CG, Ang CS, Mathivanan S
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Neuroblastoma cells
Sample name SH-SY5Y
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient
Flotation density 1.10 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
2
Experiment ID 274
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|RAB5A
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD9|CD82|CD63|CD81
EV Membrane markers
✔
AIF
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25844599    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Molecular profiling of prostate cancer derived exosomes may reveal a predictive signature for response to docetaxel.
Authors Kharaziha P, Chioureas D, Rutishauser D, Baltatzis G, Lennartsson L, Fonseca P, Azimi A, Hultenby K, Zubarev R, Ullen A, Yachnin J, Nilsson S, Panaretakis T.
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Prostate cancer cells
Sample name DU145 - Docetaxel resistant
Isolation/purification methods Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.18 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Flow cytometry
Western blotting
3
Experiment ID 193
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✘ EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD63|CD9
EV Membrane markers
✔
PHB
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 194
ISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✘ EV Cytosolic markers
✘ EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of basement membrane nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
5
Experiment ID 195
ISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✘ EV Cytosolic markers
✘ EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of early IgA nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for GNAT2
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
No interactions are found.
 Pathways in which GNAT2 is involved
PathwayEvidenceSource
Ca2+ pathway TAS Reactome
G alpha (i) signalling events TAS Reactome
G-protein activation TAS Reactome
PLC beta mediated events TAS Reactome





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