Gene description for GNAT2
Gene name guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha transducing activity polypeptide 2
Gene symbol GNAT2
Other names/aliases ACHM4
GNATC
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - GNAT2
ExoCarta ExoCarta_2780
Vesiclepedia VP_2780
Entrez Gene 2780
HGNC 4394
MIM 139340
UniProt P19087  
 GNAT2 identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Neuroblastoma cells 25944692    
Prostate cancer cells 25844599    
Retinal pigment epithelial cells 35333565    
Retinal pigment epithelial cells 35333565    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
 Gene ontology annotations for GNAT2
Molecular Function
    G protein-coupled receptor binding GO:0001664 IBA
    GTPase activity GO:0003924 IBA
    GTP binding GO:0005525 NAS
    G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity GO:0008020 NAS
    G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding GO:0031683 IBA
    metal ion binding GO:0046872 IEA
Biological Process
    cell morphogenesis GO:0000902 IEA
    detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste GO:0001580 IBA
    G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0007186 NAS
    adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0007188 IBA
    positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration GO:0007204 IEA
    visual perception GO:0007601 NAS
    phototransduction GO:0007602 NAS
    visual behavior GO:0007632 IEA
    protein localization GO:0008104 IEA
    response to UV GO:0009411 IEA
    detection of visible light GO:0009584 IEA
    gene expression GO:0010467 IEA
    response to organic cyclic compound GO:0014070 IEA
    dopamine metabolic process GO:0042417 IEA
    retinal cone cell development GO:0046549 IEA
    tissue remodeling GO:0048771 IEA
    homeostasis of number of retina cells GO:0048877 IEA
    detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception GO:0050908 IMP
    L-glutamate import GO:0051938 IEA
    retinal rod cell differentiation GO:0060221 IEA
    neural tissue regeneration GO:0097719 IEA
    background adaptation GO:0120302 IEA
    reactive gliosis GO:0150103 IEA
    cone retinal bipolar cell differentiation GO:1904390 IEA
Subcellular Localization
    photoreceptor outer segment GO:0001750 IBA
    photoreceptor outer segment GO:0001750 IDA
    photoreceptor outer segment GO:0001750 ISS
    photoreceptor inner segment GO:0001917 IBA
    photoreceptor inner segment GO:0001917 IDA
    cytoplasm GO:0005737 IBA
    heterotrimeric G-protein complex GO:0005834 IBA
    heterotrimeric G-protein complex GO:0005834 NAS
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 TAS
    photoreceptor outer segment membrane GO:0042622 ISS
    synapse GO:0045202 IEA
 Experiment description of studies that identified GNAT2 in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 224
MISEV standards
✔
EM|AFM
Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|CD63|CD81
Enriched markers
✔
GOLGA2
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25944692    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteogenomic analysis reveals exosomes are more oncogenic than ectosomes
Authors "Keerthikumar S, Gangoda L, Liem M, Fonseka P, Atukorala I, Ozcitti C, Mechler A, Adda CG, Ang CS, Mathivanan S"
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Neuroblastoma cells
Sample name SH-SY5Y
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient
Flotation density 1.10 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
2
Experiment ID 274
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|RAB5A|CD9|CD82|CD63|CD81
Enriched markers
✔
AIF
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25844599    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Molecular profiling of prostate cancer derived exosomes may reveal a predictive signature for response to docetaxel.
Authors "Kharaziha P, Chioureas D, Rutishauser D, Baltatzis G, Lennartsson L, Fonseca P, Azimi A, Hultenby K, Zubarev R, Ullen A, Yachnin J, Nilsson S, Panaretakis T."
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Prostate cancer cells
Sample name DU145 - Docetaxel resistant
Isolation/purification methods Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.18 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Flow cytometry
Western blotting
3
Experiment ID 834
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
LAMP2|CD63|FLOT1|ITGA2B|ICAM1|CD9|CD151|TFRC|RAB5A|GAPDH|AQP1|TSG101
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35333565    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description LAMP2A regulates the loading of proteins into exosomes
Authors "Ferreira JV, da Rosa Soares A, Ramalho J, Máximo Carvalho C, Cardoso MH, Pintado P, Carvalho AS, Beck HC, Matthiesen R, Zuzarte M, Girão H, van Niel G, Pereira P"
Journal name Sci Adv
Publication year 2022
Sample Retinal pigment epithelial cells
Sample name ARPE-19
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 835
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD63|FLOT1|ITGA2B|ICAM1|CD9|CD151|TFRC|RAB5A|GAPDH|AQP1|TSG101
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35333565    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description LAMP2A regulates the loading of proteins into exosomes
Authors "Ferreira JV, da Rosa Soares A, Ramalho J, Máximo Carvalho C, Cardoso MH, Pintado P, Carvalho AS, Beck HC, Matthiesen R, Zuzarte M, Girão H, van Niel G, Pereira P"
Journal name Sci Adv
Publication year 2022
Sample Retinal pigment epithelial cells
Sample name ARPE-19
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
5
Experiment ID 193
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD63|CD9
Enriched markers
✔
PHB
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
6
Experiment ID 194
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✘ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of basement membrane nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
7
Experiment ID 195
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✘ Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors "Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of early IgA nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for GNAT2
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 APP 351
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
2 OCIAD1 54940
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
3 Haus1  
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
4 SNX1 6642
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 UNC119 9094
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 ADRB2  
PCA Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Luminescence Homo sapiens
7 SNX2 6643
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
8 EPHA4 2043
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
9 VPS13A 23230
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
10 ARMCX3 51566
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
11 ACSL3 2181
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
12 AARS 16
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
13 HSPA1A 3303
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
14 ACSL4 2182
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
15 SNX5 27131
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
16 GNAO1 2775
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
17 UNC119B 84747
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
18 GNAI3 2773
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
19 GNG3 2785
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
20 GPSM3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
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