Gene description for AKR1C3
Gene name aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3
Gene symbol AKR1C3
Other names/aliases DD3
DDX
HA1753
HAKRB
HAKRe
HSD17B5
PGFS
hluPGFS
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - AKR1C3
ExoCarta ExoCarta_8644
Vesiclepedia VP_8644
Entrez Gene 8644
HGNC 386
MIM 603966
UniProt P42330  
 AKR1C3 identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Breast cancer cells 34108659    
Breast cancer cells 34108659    
Chondrocytes 35931686    
Chondrocytes 35931686    
Colorectal cancer cells 34887515    
Embryonic kidney cells 34108659    
Embryonic kidney cells 34108659    
Pancreatic cancer cells 34108659    
Pancreatic cancer cells 34108659    
Thymus 23844026    
 Gene ontology annotations for AKR1C3
Molecular Function
    retinal dehydrogenase activity GO:0001758 IDA
    aldose reductase (NADPH) activity GO:0004032 IBA
    aldose reductase (NADPH) activity GO:0004032 IDA
    aldo-keto reductase (NADPH) activity GO:0004033 IDA
    aldo-keto reductase (NADPH) activity GO:0004033 TAS
    estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity GO:0004303 IEA
    all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity GO:0004745 IDA
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptor GO:0016655 IDA
    testosterone dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity GO:0030283 IDA
    bile acid binding GO:0032052 IBA
    prostaglandin H2 endoperoxidase reductase activity GO:0036130 TAS
    prostaglandin D2 11-ketoreductase activity GO:0036131 TAS
    geranylgeranyl reductase activity GO:0045550 IDA
    ketoreductase activity GO:0045703 IDA
    prostaglandin F synthase activity GO:0047017 IEA
    15-hydroxyprostaglandin-D dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity GO:0047020 IDA
    androsterone dehydrogenase activity GO:0047023 IBA
    androsterone dehydrogenase activity GO:0047023 IDA
    5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol dehydrogenase activity GO:0047024 IEA
    testosterone dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity GO:0047035 IEA
    androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol dehydrogenase activity GO:0047044 IEA
    testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity GO:0047045 IEA
    ketosteroid monooxygenase activity GO:0047086 IBA
    ketosteroid monooxygenase activity GO:0047086 IDA
    Delta4-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase activity GO:0047787 IDA
    all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity GO:0052650 TAS
Biological Process
    retinoid metabolic process GO:0001523 TAS
    prostaglandin metabolic process GO:0006693 IBA
    prostaglandin metabolic process GO:0006693 IDA
    prostaglandin metabolic process GO:0006693 IEP
    G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0007186 IDA
    response to nutrient GO:0007584 IEP
    steroid metabolic process GO:0008202 IEP
    positive regulation of cell population proliferation GO:0008284 IDA
    positive regulation of cell population proliferation GO:0008284 IMP
    male gonad development GO:0008584 IEP
    cellular response to starvation GO:0009267 IEP
    farnesol catabolic process GO:0016488 IDA
    cyclooxygenase pathway GO:0019371 TAS
    keratinocyte differentiation GO:0030216 IEP
    progesterone metabolic process GO:0042448 IBA
    progesterone metabolic process GO:0042448 IDA
    retinol metabolic process GO:0042572 IEA
    retinal metabolic process GO:0042574 IDA
    macromolecule metabolic process GO:0043170 IEP
    daunorubicin metabolic process GO:0044597 IBA
    daunorubicin metabolic process GO:0044597 IMP
    doxorubicin metabolic process GO:0044598 IBA
    doxorubicin metabolic process GO:0044598 IMP
    regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway GO:0048385 IDA
    positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction GO:0051897 IDA
    testosterone biosynthetic process GO:0061370 IMP
    renal absorption GO:0070293 NAS
    cellular response to calcium ion GO:0071277 IDA
    cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus GO:0071379 IDA
    cellular response to corticosteroid stimulus GO:0071384 IDA
    cellular response to jasmonic acid stimulus GO:0071395 IDA
    cellular response to prostaglandin D stimulus GO:0071799 IDA
    negative regulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process GO:1900053 IDA
    regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process GO:2000224 IMP
    positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process GO:2000353 IDA
    positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process GO:2000379 IDA
Subcellular Localization
    nucleus GO:0005634 IDA
    cytoplasm GO:0005737 IDA
    cytosol GO:0005829 IBA
    cytosol GO:0005829 TAS
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 HDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified AKR1C3 in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 426
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Breast cancer cells
Sample name MDA-MB-231 - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
2
Experiment ID 427
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Breast cancer cells
Sample name MDA-MB-231 - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 494
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD9|CD81|CD151|CD63|CD82|FLOT1|FLOT2|GAPDH|LAMP1|LAMP2|SDCBP|TFRC|TSG101
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35931686    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Extracellular vesicles enriched in connexin 43 promote a senescent phenotype in bone and synovial cells contributing to osteoarthritis progression
Authors "Varela-Eirín M, Carpintero-Fernández P, Guitián-Caamaño A, Varela-Vázquez A, García-Yuste A, Sánchez-Temprano A, Bravo-López SB, Yañez-Cabanas J, Fonseca E, Largo R, Mobasheri A, Caeiro JR, Mayán MD."
Journal name Cell Death Dis
Publication year 2022
Sample Chondrocytes
Sample name Osteoarthritic cartilage
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
4
Experiment ID 496
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD9|CD151|CD63|CD81|CD82|FLOT1|FLOT2|GAPDH|LAMP1|LAMP2|SDCBP|TFRC|TSG101
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35931686    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Extracellular vesicles enriched in connexin 43 promote a senescent phenotype in bone and synovial cells contributing to osteoarthritis progression
Authors "Varela-Eirín M, Carpintero-Fernández P, Guitián-Caamaño A, Varela-Vázquez A, García-Yuste A, Sánchez-Temprano A, Bravo-López SB, Yañez-Cabanas J, Fonseca E, Largo R, Mobasheri A, Caeiro JR, Mayán MD."
Journal name Cell Death Dis
Publication year 2022
Sample Chondrocytes
Sample name Healthy cartilage
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
5
Experiment ID 1203
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD81|CD63|EPCAM|GAPDH|LAMP1|TFRC|CD151|CD82|LAMP2|RAB35|TSG101|FLOT2|RAB5B|ICAM1|RAB5A
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34887515    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors "Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, Sohn Y, Neininger AC, Taneja N, McKinley ET, Niitsu H, Cao Z, Evans R, Glass SE, Ray KC, Fissell WH, Hill S, Rose KL, Huh WJ, Washington MK, Ayers GD, Burnette DT, Sharma S, Rome LH, Franklin JL, Lee YA, Liu Q, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DiFi
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
miRNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RNA sequencing
6
Experiment ID 419
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
7
Experiment ID 419
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
8
Experiment ID 420
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
9
Experiment ID 420
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
10
Experiment ID 434
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Pancreatic cancer cells
Sample name PANC-1 - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
11
Experiment ID 435
MISEV standards
✘ Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✘ Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors "Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Pancreatic cancer cells
Sample name PANC-1 - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
12
Experiment ID 217
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|CD81|CD9|CD63
Enriched markers
✘ Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23844026    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization of human thymic exosomes.
Authors "Skogberg G, Gudmundsdottir J, van der Post S, Sandstrom K, Bruhn S, Benson M, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Baranov V, Telemo E, Ekwall O."
Journal name PLoS One
Publication year 2013
Sample Thymus
Sample name Normal-Thymus
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for AKR1C3
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 NDUFV1 4723
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
2 NME2 4831
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
3 HABP4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 AKR1C1 1645
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 ISG15 9636
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 CMBL 134147
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
7 SIAH2 6478
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
8 LRIF1  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
9 ZHX1  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
10 ABAT  
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
11 MAGEA11  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
12 UBE2W  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
13 ANXA1 301
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
14 NUDT19 390916
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
15 MORF4L1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
16 C21orf33  
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
17 PMM2 5373
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
18 AKR1C4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
19 AKR1D1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
20 AKR1C2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
21 SRRT 51593
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
22 NQO1 1728
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
23 TPI1 7167
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
24 PGM1 5236
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
25 MDH1 4190
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
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