Gene description for DCT
Gene name dopachrome tautomerase
Gene symbol DCT
Other names/aliases TRP-2
TYRP2
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - DCT
ExoCarta ExoCarta_1638
Vesiclepedia VP_1638
Entrez Gene 1638
HGNC 2709
MIM 191275
UniProt P40126  
 DCT identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Melanoma cells 22635005    
Melanoma cells 25950383    
Plasma 30089911    
Plasma 30089911    
Plasma 30089911    
Plasma 30089911    
Plasma 30089911    
 Gene ontology annotations for DCT
Molecular Function
    dopachrome isomerase activity GO:0004167 IBA
    dopachrome isomerase activity GO:0004167 ISS
    copper ion binding GO:0005507 TAS
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    oxidoreductase activity GO:0016491 IEA
Biological Process
    positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation GO:0002052 IBA
    melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine GO:0006583 IBA
    melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine GO:0006583 ISS
    epidermis development GO:0008544 TAS
    response to blue light GO:0009637 IDA
    ventricular zone neuroblast division GO:0021847 IBA
    developmental pigmentation GO:0048066 IBA
    cell development GO:0048468 IEA
Subcellular Localization
    cytosol GO:0005829 ISS
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 IDA
    membrane GO:0016020 TAS
    melanosome membrane GO:0033162 TAS
    melanosome GO:0042470 IBA
    melanosome GO:0042470 ISS
    intracellular membrane-bounded organelle GO:0043231 IDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified DCT in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 200
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
HSP70|HSP90|TSG101|Alix|GAPDH
Enriched markers
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 22635005    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET.
Authors "Peinado H, Aleckovic M, Lavotshkin S, Matei I, Costa-Silva B, Moreno-Bueno G, Hergueta-Redondo M, Williams C, Garcia-Santos G, Ghajar C, Nitadori-Hoshino A, Hoffman C, Badal K, Garcia BA, Callahan MK, Yuan J, Martins VR, Skog J, Kaplan RN, Brady MS, Wolchok JD, Chapman PB, Kang Y, Bromberg J, Lyden D."
Journal name Nat Med
Publication year 2012
Sample Melanoma cells
Sample name B16-F10
SK-MEL-202
SK-MEL035
SK-MEL-265
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Sucrose cushion
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
2
Experiment ID 258
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|FLOT1|CD81
Enriched markers
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25950383    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteome characterization of melanoma exosomes reveals a specific signature for metastatic cell lines
Authors "Lazar I, Clement E, Ducoux-Petit M, Denat L, Soldan V, Dauvillier S, Balor S4, Burlet-Schiltz O1, Larue L, Muller C Nieto L"
Journal name Pigment Cell Melanoma Res
Publication year 2015
Sample Melanoma cells
Sample name SKMEL28
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Unltracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13 - 1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 978
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
TSG101
Enriched markers
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 30089911    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Exosomal PD-L1 contributes to immunosuppression and is associated with anti-PD-1 response
Authors "Chen G, Huang AC, Zhang W, Zhang G, Wu M, Xu W, Yu Z, Yang J, Wang B, Sun H, Xia H, Man Q, Zhong W, Antelo LF, Wu B, Xiong X, Liu X, Guan L, Li T, Liu S, Yang R, Lu Y, Dong L, McGettigan S, Somasundaram R, Radhakrishnan R, Mills G, Lu Y, Kim J, Chen YH, Dong H, Zhao Y, Karakousis GC, Mitchell TC, Schuchter LM, Herlyn M, Wherry EJ, Xu X, Guo W."
Journal name Nature
Publication year 2018
Sample Plasma
Sample name Melanoma stage IV patients
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
ELISA
4
Experiment ID 979
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
TSG101
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 30089911    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Exosomal PD-L1 contributes to immunosuppression and is associated with anti-PD-1 response
Authors "Chen G, Huang AC, Zhang W, Zhang G, Wu M, Xu W, Yu Z, Yang J, Wang B, Sun H, Xia H, Man Q, Zhong W, Antelo LF, Wu B, Xiong X, Liu X, Guan L, Li T, Liu S, Yang R, Lu Y, Dong L, McGettigan S, Somasundaram R, Radhakrishnan R, Mills G, Lu Y, Kim J, Chen YH, Dong H, Zhao Y, Karakousis GC, Mitchell TC, Schuchter LM, Herlyn M, Wherry EJ, Xu X, Guo W."
Journal name Nature
Publication year 2018
Sample Plasma
Sample name Melanoma stage IV patients - Fraction 7
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density 1.44 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
5
Experiment ID 980
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
TSG101
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 30089911    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Exosomal PD-L1 contributes to immunosuppression and is associated with anti-PD-1 response
Authors "Chen G, Huang AC, Zhang W, Zhang G, Wu M, Xu W, Yu Z, Yang J, Wang B, Sun H, Xia H, Man Q, Zhong W, Antelo LF, Wu B, Xiong X, Liu X, Guan L, Li T, Liu S, Yang R, Lu Y, Dong L, McGettigan S, Somasundaram R, Radhakrishnan R, Mills G, Lu Y, Kim J, Chen YH, Dong H, Zhao Y, Karakousis GC, Mitchell TC, Schuchter LM, Herlyn M, Wherry EJ, Xu X, Guo W."
Journal name Nature
Publication year 2018
Sample Plasma
Sample name Melanoma stage IV patients - Fraction 8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density 1.56 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
6
Experiment ID 981
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
TSG101
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 30089911    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Exosomal PD-L1 contributes to immunosuppression and is associated with anti-PD-1 response
Authors "Chen G, Huang AC, Zhang W, Zhang G, Wu M, Xu W, Yu Z, Yang J, Wang B, Sun H, Xia H, Man Q, Zhong W, Antelo LF, Wu B, Xiong X, Liu X, Guan L, Li T, Liu S, Yang R, Lu Y, Dong L, McGettigan S, Somasundaram R, Radhakrishnan R, Mills G, Lu Y, Kim J, Chen YH, Dong H, Zhao Y, Karakousis GC, Mitchell TC, Schuchter LM, Herlyn M, Wherry EJ, Xu X, Guo W."
Journal name Nature
Publication year 2018
Sample Plasma
Sample name Melanoma stage IV patients - Fraction 9
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density 1.178 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
7
Experiment ID 982
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
TSG101
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Western blotting
PubMed ID 30089911    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Exosomal PD-L1 contributes to immunosuppression and is associated with anti-PD-1 response
Authors "Chen G, Huang AC, Zhang W, Zhang G, Wu M, Xu W, Yu Z, Yang J, Wang B, Sun H, Xia H, Man Q, Zhong W, Antelo LF, Wu B, Xiong X, Liu X, Guan L, Li T, Liu S, Yang R, Lu Y, Dong L, McGettigan S, Somasundaram R, Radhakrishnan R, Mills G, Lu Y, Kim J, Chen YH, Dong H, Zhao Y, Karakousis GC, Mitchell TC, Schuchter LM, Herlyn M, Wherry EJ, Xu X, Guo W."
Journal name Nature
Publication year 2018
Sample Plasma
Sample name Melanoma stage IV patients - Fraction 10
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density 1.193 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
 Protein-protein interactions for DCT
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 EDEM2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
2 SGCB 6443
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
3 HYAL2 8692
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 LGR4 55366
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 ENTPD2 954
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 TMEM30A 55754
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
7 LMF1 64788
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
8 DPP9 91039
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
9 ABCB6 10058
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
10 PLXNA4 91584
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
11 ALG11  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
12 CANX 821
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
13 SEMA4C 54910
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
14 DCT 1638
Co-crystal Structure Homo sapiens
Co-crystal Structure Homo sapiens
Co-crystal Structure Homo sapiens
Co-crystal Structure Homo sapiens
15 DNAJC16  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
16 TXNDC11 51061
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
17 ITM2B 9445
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
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