Gene description for DKK1
Gene name dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1
Gene symbol DKK1
Other names/aliases DKK-1
SK
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - DKK1
ExoCarta ExoCarta_22943
Vesiclepedia VP_22943
Entrez Gene 22943
HGNC 2891
MIM 605189
UniProt O94907  
 DKK1 identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Hepatocytes 26054723    
Mesenchymal stem cells Unpublished / Not applicable
Retinal pigment epithelial cells 35333565    
Retinal pigment epithelial cells 35333565    
 Gene ontology annotations for DKK1
Molecular Function
    receptor antagonist activity GO:0048019 IDA
    signal transducer activity GO:0004871 TAS
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    growth factor activity GO:0008083 TAS
    low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding GO:0050750 IDA
Biological Process
    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment GO:1901296 IDA
    response to retinoic acid GO:0032526 IEA
    positive regulation of heart induction by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway GO:0090082 ISS
    negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development GO:0048642 IEA
    negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation GO:0033137 IDA
    face morphogenesis GO:0060325 IEA
    regulation of endodermal cell fate specification GO:0042663 IDA
    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway GO:0090090 TAS
    negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation GO:2000726 IDA
    regulation of receptor internalization GO:0002090 IDA
    embryonic limb morphogenesis GO:0030326 IEA
    negative regulation of protein complex assembly GO:0031333 IDA
    hair follicle development GO:0001942 IEA
    negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification GO:0042662 IDA
    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0000122 ISS
    mesoderm formation GO:0001707 IEA
    forebrain development GO:0030900 IEA
    cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation GO:0000904 IEA
    Wnt signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis GO:0090244 IEA
    negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway GO:0030514 IEA
    negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation GO:0060394 IDA
    negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway GO:0030178 IDA
    endoderm formation GO:0001706 IEA
    extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction GO:1900116 IDA
Subcellular Localization
    early endosome membrane GO:0031901 TAS
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 IDA
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IDA
    extracellular region GO:0005576 TAS
 Experiment description of studies that identified DKK1 in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 237
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
Enriched markers
HSP90B1
Negative markers
qNano
Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method RNA Sequencing
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocytes
Sample name MIHA
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RNA Sequencing
2
Experiment ID 126
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
GAPDH
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Antibody array
PubMed ID Unpublished / Not applicable
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes: The Future MSC-based Therapy?
Authors Ruenn Chai Lai, Ronne Wee Yeh Yeo, Soon Sim Tan, Bin Zhang, Yijun Yin, Newman Siu Kwan Sze, Andre Choo, and Sai Kiang Lim
Journal name Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy
Publication year 2011
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name huES9.E1
Isolation/purification methods HPLC
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Antobody array
Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 834
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
LAMP2|CD63|FLOT1|ITGA2B|ICAM1|CD9|CD151|TFRC|RAB5A|GAPDH|AQP1|TSG101
Enriched markers
CANX
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35333565    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description LAMP2A regulates the loading of proteins into exosomes
Authors Ferreira JV, da Rosa Soares A, Ramalho J, Máximo Carvalho C, Cardoso MH, Pintado P, Carvalho AS, Beck HC, Matthiesen R, Zuzarte M, Girão H, van Niel G, Pereira P
Journal name Sci Adv
Publication year 2022
Sample Retinal pigment epithelial cells
Sample name ARPE-19
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 835
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
CD63|FLOT1|ITGA2B|ICAM1|CD9|CD151|TFRC|RAB5A|GAPDH|AQP1|TSG101
Enriched markers
CANX
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35333565    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description LAMP2A regulates the loading of proteins into exosomes
Authors Ferreira JV, da Rosa Soares A, Ramalho J, Máximo Carvalho C, Cardoso MH, Pintado P, Carvalho AS, Beck HC, Matthiesen R, Zuzarte M, Girão H, van Niel G, Pereira P
Journal name Sci Adv
Publication year 2022
Sample Retinal pigment epithelial cells
Sample name ARPE-19
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for DKK1
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 KREMEN1  
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
2 LRP6 4040
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Invivo Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
3 CORO1A 11151
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 SMAD9  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 MDFI  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
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