Gene description for GALE
Gene name UDP-galactose-4-epimerase
Gene symbol GALE
Other names/aliases SDR1E1
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - GALE
ExoCarta ExoCarta_2582
Vesiclepedia VP_2582
Entrez Gene 2582
HGNC 4116
MIM 606953
UniProt Q14376  
 GALE identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Colorectal cancer cells 34887515    
Gastric cancer cells 33991177    
Gastric cancer cells 33991177    
Gastric cancer cells 33991177    
Mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Thymus 23844026    
 Gene ontology annotations for GALE
Molecular Function
    UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase activity GO:0003974 IEA
    UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity GO:0003978 IBA
    UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity GO:0003978 IDA
    identical protein binding GO:0042802 IPI
    protein homodimerization activity GO:0042803 IPI
Biological Process
    galactose catabolic process GO:0019388 IDA
    galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose GO:0033499 IBA
Subcellular Localization
    cytosol GO:0005829 IBA
    cytosol GO:0005829 TAS
 Experiment description of studies that identified GALE in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 489
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
Canx
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 6
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
2
Experiment ID 490
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
Canx
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 7
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
3
Experiment ID 491
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
Canx
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
4
Experiment ID 492
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
Cd9|Cd81|Cd63|Gapdh|Sdcbp|Lamp1|Aqp1|Rab5a|Icam1|Cd82|Itga2b|Tsg101|Lamp2|Rab35|Flot1|Flot2|Cd151|Rab5b|Tfrc|Uchl1
Enriched markers
Canx
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Rattus norvegicus
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name BMSC - Passage 9
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
5
Experiment ID 1203
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD81|CD63|EPCAM|GAPDH|LAMP1|TFRC|CD151|CD82|LAMP2|RAB35|TSG101|FLOT2|RAB5B|ICAM1|RAB5A
Enriched markers
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34887515    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors "Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, Sohn Y, Neininger AC, Taneja N, McKinley ET, Niitsu H, Cao Z, Evans R, Glass SE, Ray KC, Fissell WH, Hill S, Rose KL, Huh WJ, Washington MK, Ayers GD, Burnette DT, Sharma S, Rome LH, Franklin JL, Lee YA, Liu Q, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DiFi
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
miRNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RNA sequencing
6
Experiment ID 363
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|GAPDH|AQP1|CD151|CD81|CD82|CD9|EPCAM|FLOT1|FLOT2|ICAM1|ITGA2B|LAMP2|RAB35|RAB5A|RAB5B|SDCBP|TFRC|UCHL1
Enriched markers
DCLK1
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 33991177    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 reprograms small extracellular vesicles toward migratory phenotype in gastric cancer cells
Authors "Carli ALE, Afshar-Sterle S, Rai A, Fang H, O'Keefe R, Tse J, Ferguson FM, Gray NS, Ernst M, Greening DW, Buchert M."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2021
Sample Gastric cancer cells
Sample name MKN1 - 100K pellet
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
7
Experiment ID 364
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|GAPDH|AQP1|CD151|CD81|CD82|CD9|EPCAM|FLOT1|FLOT2|ICAM1|ITGA2B|LAMP2|RAB35|RAB5A|RAB5B|SDCBP|TFRC|UCHL1
Enriched markers
DCLK1
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 33991177    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 reprograms small extracellular vesicles toward migratory phenotype in gastric cancer cells
Authors "Carli ALE, Afshar-Sterle S, Rai A, Fang H, O'Keefe R, Tse J, Ferguson FM, Gray NS, Ernst M, Greening DW, Buchert M."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2021
Sample Gastric cancer cells
Sample name MKN1 - 100K pellet
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
8
Experiment ID 365
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|GAPDH|AQP1|CD151|CD81|CD82|CD9|EPCAM|FLOT1|FLOT2|ICAM1|ITGA2B|LAMP2|RAB35|RAB5A|RAB5B|SDCBP|TFRC|UCHL1
Enriched markers
DCLK1
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 33991177    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 reprograms small extracellular vesicles toward migratory phenotype in gastric cancer cells
Authors "Carli ALE, Afshar-Sterle S, Rai A, Fang H, O'Keefe R, Tse J, Ferguson FM, Gray NS, Ernst M, Greening DW, Buchert M."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2021
Sample Gastric cancer cells
Sample name MKN1 - 100K pellet
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
9
Experiment ID 488
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
CD9|CD81|CD63|GAPDH|SDCBP|LAMP1|TFRC|UCHL1|FLOT2|LAMP2|FLOT1|ICAM1|RAB5B|CD151|RAB35|TSG101|RAB5A|CD82
Enriched markers
CANX
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name UCMSC
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
10
Experiment ID 211
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|EpCAM|TFRC
Enriched markers
cytochrome c|GOLGA2
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors "Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K."
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name IGROV1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
11
Experiment ID 212
MISEV standards
CEM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|EpCAM|TFRC
Enriched markers
Cytochrome C|GOLGA2
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors "Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K."
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name OVCAR-3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
12
Experiment ID 217
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|CD81|CD9|CD63
Enriched markers
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23844026    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization of human thymic exosomes.
Authors "Skogberg G, Gudmundsdottir J, van der Post S, Sandstrom K, Bruhn S, Benson M, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Baranov V, Telemo E, Ekwall O."
Journal name PLoS One
Publication year 2013
Sample Thymus
Sample name Normal-Thymus
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for GALE
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 BAG3 9531
Affinity Capture-Luminescence Homo sapiens
2 RIT1 6016
Negative Genetic Homo sapiens
3 WIF1 11197
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 CA14 23632
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 KLHL24  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 AHSA1 10598
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
7 NSF 4905
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
8 PXN 5829
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
9 DNAJB6 10049
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
10 WDR1 9948
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
11 ASNS 440
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
12 POP5  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
13 EEF2 1938
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
14 CD2AP 23607
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
15 MAPK3 5595
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
16 SYT6  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
17 ADI1 55256
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
18 HSP90AB1 3326
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
19 FHOD1 29109
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
20 MAT2B 27430
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
21 GALK2 2585
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
22 SOX2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
23 APP 351
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
24 FN1 2335
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
25 GALE 2582
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
26 C2orf73  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
27 DCUN1D1 54165
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
28 HSP90AA1 3320
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
29 ITPA 3704
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
30 FAM24B  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
31 TSTA3 7264
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
32 ACADM 34
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
33 ARF1 375
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
34 ARMC1 55156
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
35 SERBP1 26135
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
36 KRAS 3845
Negative Genetic Homo sapiens
37 HNRNPU 3192
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
38 ETFA 2108
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
39 ANXA2 302
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
40 FSCN1 6624
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
41 DACT3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
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