Gene description for GCLM
Gene name glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit
Gene symbol GCLM
Other names/aliases GLCLR
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - GCLM
ExoCarta ExoCarta_2730
Entrez Gene 2730
HGNC 4312
MIM 601176
UniProt P48507  
 GCLM identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Squamous carcinoma cells 20124223    
Thymus 23844026    
 Gene ontology annotations for GCLM
Molecular Function
    enzyme regulator activity GO:0030234 IBA
    glutamate-cysteine ligase activity GO:0004357 IMP
    protein heterodimerization activity GO:0046982 IEA
    glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit binding GO:0035226 IPI
Biological Process
    glutamate metabolic process GO:0006536 IDA
    positive regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity GO:0035229 IBA
    response to drug GO:0042493 IDA
    xenobiotic metabolic process GO:0006805 TAS
    apoptotic mitochondrial changes GO:0008637 IEA
    response to nitrosative stress GO:0051409 IEA
    cysteine metabolic process GO:0006534 IEA
    cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process GO:0034641 TAS
    glutathione derivative biosynthetic process GO:1901687 TAS
    response to oxidative stress GO:0006979 IDA
    regulation of blood vessel size GO:0050880 IMP
    sulfur amino acid metabolic process GO:0000096 TAS
    glutathione biosynthetic process GO:0006750 TAS
    regulation of mitochondrial depolarization GO:0051900 IEA
    negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway GO:2001237 IEA
    negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process GO:0043524 IEA
    small molecule metabolic process GO:0044281 TAS
Subcellular Localization
    cytosol GO:0005829 TAS
    glutamate-cysteine ligase complex GO:0017109 IBA
 Experiment description of studies that identified GCLM in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 211
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
EpCAM|TFRC
EV Membrane markers
✔
cytochrome c|GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K.
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name IGROV1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
2
Experiment ID 212
ISEV standards
✔
CEM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
EpCAM|TFRC
EV Membrane markers
✔
Cytochrome C|GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K.
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name OVCAR-3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 191
ISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD81|CD9
EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 20124223    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hypoxic tumor cell modulates its microenvironment to enhance angiogenic and metastatic potential by secretion of proteins and exosomes.
Authors Park JE, Tan HS, Datta A, Lai RC, Zhang H, Meng W, Lim SK, Sze SK.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2010
Sample Squamous carcinoma cells
Sample name Squamous carcinoma cell (A431)
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 217
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD81|CD9|CD63
EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23844026    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization of human thymic exosomes.
Authors Skogberg G, Gudmundsdottir J, van der Post S, Sandstrom K, Bruhn S, Benson M, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Baranov V, Telemo E, Ekwall O.
Journal name PLoS One
Publication year 2013
Sample Thymus
Sample name Normal-Thymus
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for GCLM
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
No interactions are found.
 Pathways in which GCLM is involved
PathwayEvidenceSource
Glutathione synthesis and recycling TAS Reactome
Sulfur amino acid metabolism TAS Reactome





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