Gene description for PKLR
Gene name pyruvate kinase, liver and RBC
Gene symbol PKLR
Other names/aliases PK1
PKL
PKR
PKRL
RPK
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - PKLR
ExoCarta ExoCarta_5313
Vesiclepedia VP_5313
Entrez Gene 5313
HGNC 9020
MIM 609712
UniProt P30613  
 PKLR identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Cholangiocarcinoma cells 31054213    
Cholangiocarcinoma cells 31054213    
Mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Neuroblastoma cells 25944692    
Squamous carcinoma cells 20124223    
Urine 19056867    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
Urine 21595033    
 Gene ontology annotations for PKLR
Molecular Function
    magnesium ion binding GO:0000287 IEA
    ATP binding GO:0005524 IEA
    pyruvate kinase activity GO:0004743 NAS
    potassium ion binding GO:0030955 IEA
Biological Process
    response to lithium ion GO:0010226 IEA
    response to hypoxia GO:0001666 IEA
    response to ATP GO:0033198 IEA
    ATP biosynthetic process GO:0006754 IEA
    pyruvate biosynthetic process GO:0042866 IEA
    canonical glycolysis GO:0061621 TAS
    carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0005975 TAS
    response to heat GO:0009408 IEA
    response to cAMP GO:0051591 IEA
    phosphorylation GO:0016310 IEA
    response to nutrient GO:0007584 IEA
    energy reserve metabolic process GO:0006112 TAS
    response to glucose GO:0009749 IEA
    positive regulation of cellular metabolic process GO:0031325 TAS
    endocrine pancreas development GO:0031018 TAS
    response to other organism GO:0051707 IEA
    small molecule metabolic process GO:0044281 TAS
    glucose metabolic process GO:0006006 TAS
    cellular response to insulin stimulus GO:0032869 IEA
Subcellular Localization
    cytosol GO:0005829 TAS
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 IDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified PKLR in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 1221
MISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|GAPDH
EV Enriched markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 31054213    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Phosphoproteome Profiling of Isogenic Cancer Cell-Derived Exosome Reveals HSP90 as a Potential Marker for Human Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors Weeraphan C, Phongdara A, Chaiyawat P, Diskul-Na-Ayudthaya P, Chokchaichamnankit D, Verathamjamras C, Netsirisawan P, Yingchutrakul Y, Roytrakul S, Champattanachai V, Svasti J, Srisomsap C.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2019
Sample Cholangiocarcinoma cells
Sample name KKU-M213
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
2
Experiment ID 1222
MISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|GAPDH
EV Enriched markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 31054213    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Phosphoproteome Profiling of Isogenic Cancer Cell-Derived Exosome Reveals HSP90 as a Potential Marker for Human Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors Weeraphan C, Phongdara A, Chaiyawat P, Diskul-Na-Ayudthaya P, Chokchaichamnankit D, Verathamjamras C, Netsirisawan P, Yingchutrakul Y, Roytrakul S, Champattanachai V, Svasti J, Srisomsap C.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2019
Sample Cholangiocarcinoma cells
Sample name KKU-M213D5
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Centrifugal ultrafiltration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 488
MISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
CD9|CD81|CD63|GAPDH|SDCBP|LAMP1|TFRC|UCHL1|FLOT2|LAMP2|FLOT1|ICAM1|RAB5B|CD151|RAB35|TSG101|RAB5A|CD82
EV Enriched markers
CANX
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name UCMSC
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
4
Experiment ID 224
MISEV standards
EM|AFM
EV Biophysical techniques
Alix|TSG101|CD63|CD81
EV Enriched markers
GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25944692    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteogenomic analysis reveals exosomes are more oncogenic than ectosomes
Authors Keerthikumar S, Gangoda L, Liem M, Fonseka P, Atukorala I, Ozcitti C, Mechler A, Adda CG, Ang CS, Mathivanan S
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Neuroblastoma cells
Sample name SH-SY5Y
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient
Flotation density 1.10 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
5
Experiment ID 191
MISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
Alix|CD81|CD9
EV Enriched markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 20124223    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hypoxic tumor cell modulates its microenvironment to enhance angiogenic and metastatic potential by secretion of proteins and exosomes.
Authors Park JE, Tan HS, Datta A, Lai RC, Zhang H, Meng W, Lim SK, Sze SK.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2010
Sample Squamous carcinoma cells
Sample name Squamous carcinoma cell (A431)
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
6
Experiment ID 63
MISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
AQP2
EV Enriched markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 19056867    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
Authors Gonzales PA, Pisitkun T, Hoffert JD, Tchapyjnikov D, Star RA, Kleta R, Wang NS, Knepper MA
Journal name JASN
Publication year 2009
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LTQ]
Western blotting
7
Experiment ID 193
MISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
CD63|CD9
EV Enriched markers
PHB
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
8
Experiment ID 194
MISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Enriched markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of basement membrane nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
9
Experiment ID 195
MISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
EV Enriched markers
EV Negative markers
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 21595033    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy.
Authors Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2011
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Patients of early IgA nephropathy
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for PKLR
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 PXN  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
2 ARHGEF6 9459
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
3 PAK1 5058
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
4 KIF23 9493
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
View the network image/svg+xml
 Pathways in which PKLR is involved
No pathways found





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