Gene description for GDF15
Gene name growth differentiation factor 15
Gene symbol GDF15
Other names/aliases GDF-15
MIC-1
MIC1
NAG-1
PDF
PLAB
PTGFB
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - GDF15
ExoCarta ExoCarta_9518
Vesiclepedia VP_9518
Entrez Gene 9518
HGNC 30142
MIM 605312
UniProt Q99988  
 GDF15 identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells 26054723    
Hepatocytes 26054723    
Melanoma cells 25950383    
Melanoma cells 25950383    
Melanoma cells 25950383    
Mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Prostate cancer cells 22723089    
 Gene ontology annotations for GDF15
Molecular Function
    cytokine activity GO:0005125 IBA
    cytokine activity GO:0005125 IDA
    hormone activity GO:0005179 IDA
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    growth factor activity GO:0008083 IEA
    protein homodimerization activity GO:0042803 IDA
Biological Process
    reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess GO:0002023 IDA
    negative regulation of leukocyte migration GO:0002686 IEA
    signal transduction GO:0007165 TAS
    transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway GO:0007179 TAS
    cell-cell signaling GO:0007267 TAS
    negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway GO:0030512 IDA
    negative regulation of appetite GO:0032099 IDA
    negative regulation of multicellular organism growth GO:0040015 ISS
    positive regulation of MAPK cascade GO:0043410 IDA
    positive regulation of MAPK cascade GO:0043410 IMP
    positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation GO:0046321 IEA
    positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction GO:0051897 IDA
    positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction GO:0051897 IMP
    negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction GO:0060392 IDA
    negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway GO:0060400 ISS
    cellular response to chemical stress GO:0062197 IEA
    GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway GO:0160144 IDA
    response to metformin GO:1901558 IDA
    positive regulation of myoblast fusion GO:1901741 IEA
Subcellular Localization
    extracellular region GO:0005576 IDA
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IBA
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IDA
    extracellular space GO:0005615 IDA
    nucleus GO:0005634 IDA
    cytoplasm GO:0005737 IDA
    Golgi apparatus GO:0005794 IDA
    collagen-containing extracellular matrix GO:0062023 HDA
    extracellular exosome GO:0070062 HDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified GDF15 in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 207
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|HSP70|FLOT1
Enriched markers
VDAC
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors "Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DKO-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
2
Experiment ID 208
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|HSP70|FLOT1
Enriched markers
VDAC
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors "Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name Dks-8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 209
MISEV standards
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|HSP70|FLOT1
Enriched markers
VDAC
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors "Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ."
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DLD-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 234
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
Enriched markers
HSP90B1
Negative markers
qNano
Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method RNA Sequencing
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors "He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N"
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Sample name HKCI-C3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RT-PCR
RNA Sequencing
5
Experiment ID 237
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
Enriched markers
HSP90B1
Negative markers
qNano
Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method RNA Sequencing
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors "He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N"
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocytes
Sample name MIHA
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RNA Sequencing
6
Experiment ID 255
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|FLOT1
Enriched markers
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25950383    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteome characterization of melanoma exosomes reveals a specific signature for metastatic cell lines
Authors "Lazar I, Clement E, Ducoux-Petit M, Denat L, Soldan V, Dauvillier S, Balor S4, Burlet-Schiltz O1, Larue L, Muller C Nieto L"
Journal name Pigment Cell Melanoma Res
Publication year 2015
Sample Melanoma cells
Sample name G1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Unltracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13 - 1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
7
Experiment ID 256
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|FLOT1
Enriched markers
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25950383    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteome characterization of melanoma exosomes reveals a specific signature for metastatic cell lines
Authors "Lazar I, Clement E, Ducoux-Petit M, Denat L, Soldan V, Dauvillier S, Balor S4, Burlet-Schiltz O1, Larue L, Muller C Nieto L"
Journal name Pigment Cell Melanoma Res
Publication year 2015
Sample Melanoma cells
Sample name 501mel
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Unltracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13 - 1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
8
Experiment ID 258
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|FLOT1|CD81
Enriched markers
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25950383    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteome characterization of melanoma exosomes reveals a specific signature for metastatic cell lines
Authors "Lazar I, Clement E, Ducoux-Petit M, Denat L, Soldan V, Dauvillier S, Balor S4, Burlet-Schiltz O1, Larue L, Muller C Nieto L"
Journal name Pigment Cell Melanoma Res
Publication year 2015
Sample Melanoma cells
Sample name SKMEL28
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Unltracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13 - 1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
9
Experiment ID 488
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
CD9|CD81|CD63|GAPDH|SDCBP|LAMP1|TFRC|UCHL1|FLOT2|LAMP2|FLOT1|ICAM1|RAB5B|CD151|RAB35|TSG101|RAB5A|CD82
Enriched markers
CANX
Negative markers
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors "Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ."
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name UCMSC
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
10
Experiment ID 145
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
HSP70|HSP90|RAB5|CD10
Enriched markers
HSP90B1
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method
Mass spectrometry [QTOF]   
PubMed ID 22723089    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Prostate cancer cell derived exosomes
Authors "Hosseini-Beheshti E, Guns ES."
Journal name MCP
Publication year 2012
Sample Prostate cancer cells
Sample name C4-2 - Rep 3
Isolation/purification methods Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [QTOF]
 Protein-protein interactions for GDF15
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 LY86  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
2 YPEL5 51646
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
3 SETD4 54093
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 HSPA5 3309
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 TMEM106A  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 RMND5B  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
7 PI15  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
8 CST5 1473
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
9 SORL1 6653
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
10 STAT5A 6776
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
11 MAEA 10296
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
12 ERBB2IP 55914
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
13 CHST8 64377
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
14 NLGN3  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
15 PTCH1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
16 CFC1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
17 PDGFRA 5156
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
18 ZMYND19  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
19 PRG2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
20 NUPL1 9818
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
21 MDFI  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
22 GID4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
23 RANBP9 10048
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
24 CCDC85C  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
25 OIT3 170392
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
26 MRPL50 54534
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
27 SAE1 10055
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
28 MORC3 23515
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
29 HOXA1 3198
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
30 CELA3B  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
31 IL5RA  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
32 SCAP  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
33 Trip11  
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
34 GDF15 9518
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
35 ASS1 445
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
36 WBP5  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
37 HTRA2 27429
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
38 MSTN  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
39 CBX3 11335
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
40 GID8 54994
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
41 CRLF1 9244
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
42 KRTAP12-2  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
43 Cdc37 12539
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
44 RANBP10 57610
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
45 C1orf54  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
46 SDHA 6389
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
47 RAB3IP  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
48 C1QBP 708
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
49 SLURP1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
50 GML  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
51 TMEM102  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
52 WDR26 80232
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
53 AR 367
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
54 MAPK14 1432
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
55 ARMC8 25852
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
56 DPEP2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
57 MKLN1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
58 Smn1 20595
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
59 RMND5A 64795
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
60 PRG3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
View the network image/svg+xml
 Pathways in which GDF15 is involved
No pathways found





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