Gene description for HMGA2
Gene name high mobility group AT-hook 2
Gene symbol HMGA2
Other names/aliases BABL
HMGI-C
HMGIC
LIPO
STQTL9
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - HMGA2
ExoCarta ExoCarta_8091
Vesiclepedia VP_8091
Entrez Gene 8091
HGNC 5009
MIM 600698
UniProt P52926  
 HMGA2 identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Breast cancer cells 34108659    
Breast cancer cells 34108659    
Embryonic kidney cells 34108659    
Embryonic kidney cells 34108659    
Melanoma cells 25950383    
Mesenchymal stem cells 36408942    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Pancreatic cancer cells 34108659    
Pancreatic cancer cells 34108659    
 Gene ontology annotations for HMGA2
Molecular Function
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription GO:0001078 IDA
    C2H2 zinc finger domain binding GO:0070742 IMP
    MH2 domain binding GO:0035500 IDA
    DNA binding GO:0003677 NAS
    cAMP response element binding GO:0035497 IDA
    AT DNA binding GO:0003680 IMP
    regulatory region DNA binding GO:0000975 IDA
    DNA-dependent protein kinase activity GO:0004677 IDA
    5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity GO:0051575 IDA
    RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription GO:0001077 IDA
    core promoter binding GO:0001047 IDA
    SMAD binding GO:0046332 IPI
    DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity GO:0003906 IDA
    transcription factor binding GO:0008134 IPI
    transcription factor binding transcription factor activity GO:0000989 IDA
    DNA binding, bending GO:0008301 IMP
    nucleosomal DNA binding GO:0031492 IDA
    MH1 domain binding GO:0035501 IDA
Biological Process
    negative regulation by host of viral transcription GO:0043922 IDA
    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045893 IMP
    cell division GO:0051301 IEA
    DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage GO:0042769 IDA
    positive regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043065 IDA
    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045892 IMP
    response to virus GO:0009615 IEP
    chromosome condensation GO:0030261 IEA
    heterochromatin assembly GO:0031507 IDA
    regulation of growth GO:0040008 IEA
    positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray GO:2000685 IDA
    positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding GO:2000679 IDA
    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0000122 IDA
    positive regulation of cell cycle arrest GO:0071158 IDA
    base-excision repair GO:0006284 IDA
    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0045944 IDA
    epithelial to mesenchymal transition GO:0001837 IMP
    fat cell differentiation GO:0045444 IMP
    mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint GO:0007095 IDA
    transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006351 IEA
    mitotic nuclear division GO:0007067 IEA
    oncogene-induced cell senescence GO:0090402 IDA
    negative regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043066 IDA
    regulation of stem cell maintenance GO:2000036 TAS
    negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate GO:0045869 IDA
    stem cell differentiation GO:0048863 IEP
    senescence-associated heterochromatin focus assembly GO:0035986 IDA
    chondrocyte proliferation GO:0035988 IDA
    regulation of cell cycle process GO:0010564 IDA
    regulation of cellular response to drug GO:2001038 IDA
    chondrocyte differentiation GO:0002062 IDA
    multicellular organismal development GO:0007275 TAS
    mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling GO:0003131 IMP
    positive regulation of cellular senescence GO:2000774 IMP
    negative regulation of DNA binding GO:0043392 IDA
    positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628 IDA
    positive regulation of stem cell proliferation GO:2000648 IMP
    chromatin organization GO:0006325 TAS
    endodermal cell differentiation GO:0035987 IMP
    histone H2A-S139 phosphorylation GO:0035978 IDA
    positive regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus GO:2001022 IDA
    chromosome breakage GO:0031052 IDA
    mesodermal cell differentiation GO:0048333 IMP
    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006355 IMP
    negative regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining GO:2001033 IDA
    mesenchymal cell differentiation GO:0048762 IMP
Subcellular Localization
    nucleus GO:0005634 IDA
    nucleoplasm GO:0005654 TAS
    SMAD protein complex GO:0071141 IDA
    senescence-associated heterochromatin focus GO:0035985 IDA
    nuclear chromosome GO:0000228 ISS
    protein-DNA complex GO:0032993 IDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified HMGA2 in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 426
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
EV Enriched markers
✔
CANX
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R.
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Breast cancer cells
Sample name MDA-MB-231 - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
2
Experiment ID 427
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
EV Enriched markers
✔
CANX
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R.
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Breast cancer cells
Sample name MDA-MB-231 - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 419
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
EV Enriched markers
✔
CANX
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R.
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 419
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
EV Enriched markers
✔
CANX
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R.
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
5
Experiment ID 420
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
EV Enriched markers
✔
CANX
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R.
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
6
Experiment ID 420
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
EV Enriched markers
✔
CANX
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R.
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Embryonic kidney cells
Sample name HEK293T - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
7
Experiment ID 259
MISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|FLOT1
EV Enriched markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25950383    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteome characterization of melanoma exosomes reveals a specific signature for metastatic cell lines
Authors Lazar I, Clement E, Ducoux-Petit M, Denat L, Soldan V, Dauvillier S, Balor S4, Burlet-Schiltz O1, Larue L, Muller C Nieto L
Journal name Pigment Cell Melanoma Res
Publication year 2015
Sample Melanoma cells
Sample name A375M
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Unltracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13 - 1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
8
Experiment ID 488
MISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
CD9|CD81|CD63|GAPDH|SDCBP|LAMP1|TFRC|UCHL1|FLOT2|LAMP2|FLOT1|ICAM1|RAB5B|CD151|RAB35|TSG101|RAB5A|CD82
EV Enriched markers
✔
CANX
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 36408942    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative proteomic analysis of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow stem cells
Authors Xu X, Yin F, Guo M, Gan G, Lin G, Wen C, Wang J, Song P, Wang J, Qi ZQ, Zhong CQ.
Journal name Proteomics
Publication year 2023
Sample Mesenchymal stem cells
Sample name UCMSC
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectometry
9
Experiment ID 211
MISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|EpCAM|TFRC
EV Enriched markers
✔
cytochrome c|GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K.
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name IGROV1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
10
Experiment ID 212
MISEV standards
✔
CEM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|EpCAM|TFRC
EV Enriched markers
✔
Cytochrome C|GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K.
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name OVCAR-3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
11
Experiment ID 434
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
SDCBP|FLOT1|CD81|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
EV Enriched markers
✔
CANX
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R.
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Pancreatic cancer cells
Sample name PANC-1 - Exo-rich fractions 7-10 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
12
Experiment ID 435
MISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
CD81|SDCBP|FLOT1|CD9|CD151|FLOT2|TSG101|LAMP1|TFRC|RAB5A|RAB35|GAPDH|UCHL1|ICAM1
EV Enriched markers
✔
CANX
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 34108659    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Core Proteome of Exosomes with Syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a Putative Universal Biomarker
Authors Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R.
Journal name Nat Cell Biol
Publication year 2021
Sample Pancreatic cancer cells
Sample name PANC-1 - Exo-rich fractions 1-6 pooled
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for HMGA2
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 PIAS3  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
2 RELA 5970
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
3 NFKB1 4790
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Far Western Homo sapiens
View the network image/svg+xml
 Pathways in which HMGA2 is involved
PathwayEvidenceSource
Formation of Senescence-Associated Heterochromatin Foci (SAHF) TAS Reactome





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