Gene description for DMD
Gene name dystrophin
Gene symbol DMD
Other names/aliases BMD
CMD3B
DXS142
DXS164
DXS206
DXS230
DXS239
DXS268
DXS269
DXS270
DXS272
MRX85
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - DMD
ExoCarta ExoCarta_1756
Entrez Gene 1756
HGNC 2928
MIM 300377
UniProt P11532  
 DMD identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Hepatocytes 26054723    
 Gene ontology annotations for DMD
Molecular Function
    structural constituent of cytoskeleton GO:0005200 IEA
    vinculin binding GO:0017166 IPI
    myosin binding GO:0017022 IDA
    actin binding GO:0003779 TAS
    nitric-oxide synthase binding GO:0050998 ISS
    zinc ion binding GO:0008270 IEA
    structural constituent of muscle GO:0008307 TAS
    dystroglycan binding GO:0002162 IPI
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
Biological Process
    cardiac muscle cell action potential GO:0086001 ISS
    positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity GO:2000651 ISS
    regulation of heart rate GO:0002027 IMP
    cardiac muscle contraction GO:0060048 IMP
    muscle cell cellular homeostasis GO:0046716 ISS
    regulation of skeletal muscle contraction GO:0014819 ISS
    regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity GO:1901385 ISS
    cellular protein complex assembly GO:0043623 ISS
    regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum GO:0010880 ISS
    regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity GO:0060314 ISS
    response to muscle stretch GO:0035994 ISS
    muscle organ development GO:0007517 NAS
    negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation GO:0033137 ISS
    peptide biosynthetic process GO:0043043 IDA
    muscle attachment GO:0016203 IEA
    regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion GO:0010881 ISS
    positive regulation of neuron differentiation GO:0045666 IMP
    motile cilium assembly GO:0044458 TAS
    negative regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation GO:1902083 ISS
    regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus GO:0090287 IMP
    muscle filament sliding GO:0030049 TAS
    muscle fiber development GO:0048747 ISS
    extracellular matrix organization GO:0030198 TAS
    regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion GO:0014809 ISS
    cellular protein localization GO:0034613 IMP
    positive regulation of neuron projection development GO:0010976 IMP
Subcellular Localization
    sarcolemma GO:0042383 IDA
    syntrophin complex GO:0016013 TAS
    cell-substrate junction GO:0030055 ISS
    cell surface GO:0009986 IDA
    postsynaptic membrane GO:0045211 IEA
    actin cytoskeleton GO:0015629 TAS
    cytoskeleton GO:0005856 IEA
    costamere GO:0043034 IDA
    Z disc GO:0030018 ISS
    nucleus GO:0005634 TAS
    protein complex GO:0043234 IDA
    filopodium GO:0030175 IDA
    dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex GO:0016010 TAS
    filopodium membrane GO:0031527 IDA
    cytosol GO:0005829 TAS
    synapse GO:0045202 ISS
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 TAS
    membrane raft GO:0045121 TAS
    lateral plasma membrane GO:0016328 TAS
    neuron projection terminus GO:0044306 ISS
 Experiment description of studies that identified DMD in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 207
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
VDAC
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DKO-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
2
Experiment ID 208
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
VDAC
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name Dks-8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 209
ISEV standards
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
VDAC
EV Negative markers
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DLD-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 237
ISEV standards
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
EV Cytosolic markers
EV Membrane markers
HSP90B1
EV Negative markers
qNano
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method RNA Sequencing
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocytes
Sample name MIHA
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RNA Sequencing
 Protein-protein interactions for DMD
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 KCNJ4  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
View the network image/svg+xml
 Pathways in which DMD is involved
PathwayEvidenceSource
Non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions TAS Reactome
Striated Muscle Contraction TAS Reactome





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