Gene description for ATRX
Gene name alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked
Gene symbol ATRX
Other names/aliases ATR2
JMS
MRXHF1
RAD54
RAD54L
SFM1
SHS
XH2
XNP
ZNF-HX
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - ATRX
ExoCarta ExoCarta_546
Vesiclepedia VP_546
Entrez Gene 546
HGNC 886
MIM 300032
UniProt P46100  
 ATRX identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Retinal pigment epithelial cells 35333565    
Retinal pigment epithelial cells 35333565    
 Gene ontology annotations for ATRX
Molecular Function
    chromatin binding GO:0003682 IDA
    DNA clamp loader activity GO:0003689 IEA
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    ATP binding GO:0005524 IEA
    four-way junction helicase activity GO:0009378 IEA
    DNA translocase activity GO:0015616 IDA
    ATP hydrolysis activity GO:0016887 IEA
    chromatin DNA binding GO:0031490 IBA
    methylated histone binding GO:0035064 IBA
    methylated histone binding GO:0035064 IDA
    double-stranded DNA helicase activity GO:0036121 IEA
    histone binding GO:0042393 IDA
    metal ion binding GO:0046872 IEA
    forked DNA-dependent helicase activity GO:0061749 IEA
    cohesin loader activity GO:0061775 IEA
    chromo shadow domain binding GO:0070087 IPI
    chromatin extrusion motor activity GO:0140584 IEA
    ATP-dependent H3-H4 histone complex chaperone activity GO:0140665 IEA
    ATP-dependent H2AZ histone chaperone activity GO:0140849 IEA
    single-stranded 3'-5' DNA helicase activity GO:1990518 IEA
Biological Process
    meiotic spindle organization GO:0000212 IEA
    DNA repair GO:0006281 IEA
    chromatin organization GO:0006325 IMP
    nucleosome assembly GO:0006334 IDA
    chromatin remodeling GO:0006338 IBA
    chromatin remodeling GO:0006338 IDA
    chromatin remodeling GO:0006338 IMP
    regulation of DNA-templated transcription GO:0006355 TAS
    transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0006366 IEA
    spermatogenesis GO:0007283 IEA
    positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GO:0010571 ISS
    DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator GO:0030330 ISS
    forebrain development GO:0030900 IEA
    replication fork processing GO:0031297 IBA
    replication fork processing GO:0031297 ISS
    subtelomeric heterochromatin formation GO:0031509 IMP
    subtelomeric heterochromatin formation GO:0031509 ISS
    positive regulation of telomere maintenance GO:0032206 ISS
    DNA duplex unwinding GO:0032508 IEA
    post-embryonic forelimb morphogenesis GO:0035128 IEA
    multicellular organism growth GO:0035264 IEA
    positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944 IMP
    Sertoli cell development GO:0060009 IEA
    chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle GO:0070192 IEA
    protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region GO:0070198 ISS
    seminiferous tubule development GO:0072520 IEA
    cellular response to hydroxyurea GO:0072711 ISS
    chromatin looping GO:0140588 IEA
    negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric GO:1904908 IMP
Subcellular Localization
    nuclear chromosome GO:0000228 IEA
    condensed chromosome, centromeric region GO:0000779 IEA
    chromosome, telomeric region GO:0000781 ISS
    chromosome, telomeric region GO:0000781 ISS
    heterochromatin GO:0000792 TAS
    nucleus GO:0005634 IBA
    nucleoplasm GO:0005654 IDA
    nucleoplasm GO:0005654 TAS
    pericentric heterochromatin GO:0005721 IBA
    pericentric heterochromatin GO:0005721 ISS
    nuclear body GO:0016604 IDA
    PML body GO:0016605 ISS
    chromosome, subtelomeric region GO:0099115 IDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified ATRX in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 834
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
LAMP2|CD63|FLOT1|ITGA2B|ICAM1|CD9|CD151|TFRC|RAB5A|GAPDH|AQP1|TSG101
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35333565    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description LAMP2A regulates the loading of proteins into exosomes
Authors "Ferreira JV, da Rosa Soares A, Ramalho J, Máximo Carvalho C, Cardoso MH, Pintado P, Carvalho AS, Beck HC, Matthiesen R, Zuzarte M, Girão H, van Niel G, Pereira P"
Journal name Sci Adv
Publication year 2022
Sample Retinal pigment epithelial cells
Sample name ARPE-19
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
2
Experiment ID 835
MISEV standards
✔
EM
Biophysical techniques
✔
CD63|FLOT1|ITGA2B|ICAM1|CD9|CD151|TFRC|RAB5A|GAPDH|AQP1|TSG101
Enriched markers
✔
CANX
Negative markers
✔
NTA
Particle analysis
Identified molecule Protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 35333565    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description LAMP2A regulates the loading of proteins into exosomes
Authors "Ferreira JV, da Rosa Soares A, Ramalho J, Máximo Carvalho C, Cardoso MH, Pintado P, Carvalho AS, Beck HC, Matthiesen R, Zuzarte M, Girão H, van Niel G, Pereira P"
Journal name Sci Adv
Publication year 2022
Sample Retinal pigment epithelial cells
Sample name ARPE-19
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for ATRX
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 HIST2H2BE 8349
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
2 MCM7 4176
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
3 HIST1H4K 8362
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 HDAC4  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
5 CCSER2 54462
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
6 CBX1 10951
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
7 ANK2 287
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
8 HIST1H2BH 8345
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
9 DNAJC8 22826
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
10 HIST1H1D 3007
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
11 HIST1H2BG 8339
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
12 EIF2AK1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
13 NOP56 10528
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
14 ZNF274  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
15 HNRNPD 3184
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
16 CSNK2A1 1457
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
17 CALM1 801
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
18 SETDB1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
19 PRKDC 5591
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
20 CENPA  
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
21 TRIM28 10155
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
22 ZBTB21  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
23 MCM2 4171
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
24 HIRIP3  
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
25 IMP3 55272
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
26 Mcm6 17219
Affinity Capture-Western Mus musculus
27 PTPN4  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
28 PRC1 9055
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
29 ERC1 23085
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
30 CALM3 808
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
31 ZNF512B  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
32 SMC2 10592
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
33 MCM6 4175
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
34 RAD51  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Co-localization Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Far Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Co-localization Homo sapiens
35 ATRX 546
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
36 FEV  
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
37 ANAPC7 51434
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
38 HIST1H4I 8294
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
39 NSD1  
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
40 SPIN3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
41 SERBP1 26135
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
42 CSNK2B 1460
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
43 RBM14 10432
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
44 WDR1 9948
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
45 WRN 7486
Far Western Homo sapiens
46 EPB41L3 23136
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
47 AURKA 6790
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
48 POLD1 5424
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
49 HIST1H4A 8359
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
50 CBX3 11335
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
51 RAD51AP1  
Co-localization Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
52 MRE11A 4361
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
53 LUZP1 7798
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
54 WHSC1 7468
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
55 SUPT5H 6829
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
56 BLM 641
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
57 NBN 4683
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
58 RAD9A  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
59 HIST1H3E 8353
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
60 C12orf49  
Positive Genetic Homo sapiens
61 DDX20 11218
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
62 GID8 54994
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
63 Srp72  
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
64 CHMP4B 128866
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
65 CNOT1 23019
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
66 ING1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
67 SLX4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
68 RAD1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
69 CBX5 23468
Co-localization Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Protein-peptide Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
70 SUMO2 6613
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
71 MKRN2 23609
Affinity Capture-RNA Homo sapiens
72 LUC7L2 51631
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
73 HIST1H1C 3006
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
74 SMC1A 8243
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
75 PML 5371
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Co-localization Homo sapiens
76 AP3B1 8546
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
77 HIST1H2BK 85236
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
78 CDC27 996
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
79 H2AFY 9555
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
80 SETD7 80854
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
81 DAXX  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Co-localization Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Co-purification Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
82 ZBED1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
83 HIST1H4C 8364
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
84 EIF4A2 1974
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
85 PTN  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
86 TONSL  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
87 HIST1H2BL 8340
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
88 TMPO 7112
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
89 RBM39 9584
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
90 HIST1H3A 8350
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
91 FANCD2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Co-localization Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
92 HIST2H3C 126961
Protein-peptide Homo sapiens
Co-crystal Structure Homo sapiens
Co-crystal Structure Homo sapiens
Protein-peptide Homo sapiens
93 LMNB1 4001
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
94 WRNIP1 56897
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
95 SETD2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
96 PTEN 5728
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
97 ADNP 23394
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
98 MCM4 4173
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
99 KIAA1377  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
100 H3F3B 3021
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
101 NAF1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
102 HNF4A  
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
103 HIST1H4B 8366
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
104 MFAP1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
105 RPA3 6119
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
106 CSNK2A2 1459
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
107 PHC1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
108 HIST1H4F 8361
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
109 EEF1B2 1933
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
110 BMI1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Co-fractionation Homo sapiens
111 Mad2l2  
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
112 HAT1 8520
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
113 Cul4a  
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
114 BRD9 65980
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Protein-peptide Homo sapiens
115 SUPT16H 11198
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
116 PYHIN1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
117 XRCC5 7520
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
118 STUB1 10273
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
119 Cbx1  
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
120 SIRT6  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
121 SVIL 6840
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
122 H3F3A 3020
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Co-crystal Structure Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
123 TP53 7157
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
124 Daxx  
Affinity Capture-Western Mus musculus
125 WWOX 51741
Co-localization Homo sapiens
126 TCERG1 10915
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
127 NUCKS1 64710
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
128 RPA1 6117
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
129 MEN1 4221
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
130 Mecp2  
Two-hybrid Rattus norvegicus
131 Chaf1a  
Affinity Capture-MS Mus musculus
132 ABLIM3 22885
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
133 NEK1  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
134 RAD50 10111
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
135 HIST1H4L 8368
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
136 EZH2  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
137 THAP4 51078
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
138 LRRK2 120892
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
139 YBX3 8531
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
140 EAF1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
141 HIST1H4J 8363
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
142 HIST1H2AB 8335
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
143 XRCC6 2547
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
144 SNW1 22938
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
145 RPS7 6201
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
146 SSRP1 6749
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
147 CCT8L2  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
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