Gene description for SKI
Gene name SKI proto-oncogene
Gene symbol SKI
Other names/aliases SGS
SKV
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - SKI
ExoCarta ExoCarta_6497
Vesiclepedia VP_6497
Entrez Gene 6497
HGNC 10896
MIM 164780
UniProt P12755  
 SKI identified in sEVs derived from the following tissue/cell type
Endothelial cells 26027894    
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells 26054723    
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells 26054723    
Hepatocytes 26054723    
 Gene ontology annotations for SKI
Molecular Function
    RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0000978 IBA
    DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific GO:0000981 IBA
    DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific GO:0001227 IDA
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
    zinc ion binding GO:0008270 IDA
    protein kinase binding GO:0019901 IPI
    protein domain specific binding GO:0019904 IPI
    ubiquitin protein ligase binding GO:0031625 IPI
    identical protein binding GO:0042802 IPI
    SMAD binding GO:0046332 IBA
    SMAD binding GO:0046332 IPI
    histone deacetylase inhibitor activity GO:0046811 ISS
    DNA-binding transcription factor binding GO:0140297 IPI
Biological Process
    negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0000122 IBA
    negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0000122 IDA
    negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0000122 IMP
    neural tube closure GO:0001843 ISS
    lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye GO:0002089 ISS
    transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway GO:0007179 NAS
    negative regulation of cell population proliferation GO:0008285 IDA
    anterior/posterior axis specification GO:0009948 ISS
    negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation GO:0010626 IGI
    myotube differentiation GO:0014902 IDA
    olfactory bulb development GO:0021772 ISS
    myelination in peripheral nervous system GO:0022011 ISS
    positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway GO:0030177 NAS
    embryonic limb morphogenesis GO:0030326 ISS
    negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway GO:0030512 IBA
    negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway GO:0030512 IDA
    negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway GO:0030512 IGI
    negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway GO:0030512 IMP
    negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway GO:0030514 IBA
    negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway GO:0030514 IDA
    negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway GO:0030514 IMP
    negative regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway GO:0032926 IDA
    somatic stem cell population maintenance GO:0035019 ISS
    camera-type eye development GO:0043010 ISS
    positive regulation of DNA binding GO:0043388 IDA
    nose morphogenesis GO:0043585 ISS
    negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation GO:0045668 IDA
    positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944 ISS
    negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation GO:0048147 ISS
    camera-type eye morphogenesis GO:0048593 ISS
    skeletal muscle fiber development GO:0048741 ISS
    cell motility GO:0048870 NAS
    roof of mouth development GO:0060021 ISS
    cardiac muscle cell proliferation GO:0060038 IEA
    retina development in camera-type eye GO:0060041 ISS
    face morphogenesis GO:0060325 ISS
    bone morphogenesis GO:0060349 ISS
    negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction GO:0060392 IDA
Subcellular Localization
    nucleus GO:0005634 IBA
    nucleus GO:0005634 IDA
    nucleoplasm GO:0005654 IDA
    nucleoplasm GO:0005654 TAS
    transcription regulator complex GO:0005667 IBA
    transcription regulator complex GO:0005667 ISS
    cytoplasm GO:0005737 IBA
    cytoplasm GO:0005737 ISS
    centrosome GO:0005813 IDA
    nuclear body GO:0016604 IDA
    PML body GO:0016605 IDA
    transcription repressor complex GO:0017053 ISS
    protein-containing complex GO:0032991 IDA
 Experiment description of studies that identified SKI in sEVs
1
Experiment ID 226
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
GAPDH|CD9|FLOT1
Enriched markers
LMNA|H2AFX|ATP5A1|TOMM20
Negative markers
Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method Small RNA sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Solexa)
PubMed ID 26027894    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description "Quantitative and qualitative analysis of small RNAs in human endothelial cells and exosomes provides insights into localized RNA processing, degradation and sorting"
Authors "Bas W. M. van Balkom, Almut S. Eisele, D. Michiel Pegtel, Sander Bervoets, Marianne C. Verhaar"
Journal name Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
Publication year 2015
Sample Endothelial cells
Sample name HMEC-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.10 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study miRNA
Protein
snoRNA
lncRNA
yRNA
snRNA
mRNA
ncRNA
mtRNA
vtRNA
scaRNA
lincRNA
Methods used in the study Small RNA sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Solexa)
Western blotting
2
Experiment ID 235
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
Enriched markers
HSP90B1
Negative markers
qNano
Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method RNA Sequencing
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors "He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N"
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Sample name HKCI-8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RT-PCR
RNA Sequencing
3
Experiment ID 236
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
Enriched markers
HSP90B1
Negative markers
qNano
Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method RNA Sequencing
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors "He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N"
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Sample name MHCC97L
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RT-PCR
RNA Sequencing
4
Experiment ID 237
MISEV standards
EM
Biophysical techniques
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
Enriched markers
HSP90B1
Negative markers
qNano
Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method RNA Sequencing
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors "He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N"
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocytes
Sample name MIHA
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RNA Sequencing
 Protein-protein interactions for SKI
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 GATA1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
2 MVP 9961
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
3 LDHA 3939
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
4 SLC25A13 10165
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
5 ZMYND19  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
6 KRT37 8688
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
7 SERPINB4 6318
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
8 CCT3 7203
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
9 HSPA6 3310
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
10 SIAH2 6478
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
11 RPL30 6156
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
12 SKI 6497
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
13 PFKP 5214
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
14 PCNA 5111
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
15 HSPA1L 3305
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
16 TRIM33 51592
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
17 HS3ST4  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
18 HSP90AB1 3326
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
19 ITGB4 3691
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
20 CELA2A  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
21 SIX1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
22 WDR26 80232
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
23 PRKDC 5591
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
24 RPS3 6188
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
25 TGFBR1 7046
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
26 DYNC1H1 1778
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
27 HDAC3 8841
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
28 NCOR1  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
29 TRIM28 10155
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
30 DIAPH1 1729
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
31 TBL1XR1 79718
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
32 KLF15  
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
33 AXIN1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
34 MKLN1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
35 HADHA 3030
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
36 TEAD1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
37 ATP5O 539
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
38 MECP2 4204
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
39 SCHIP1  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
40 PABPC4 8761
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
41 DDX58 23586
Affinity Capture-RNA Homo sapiens
42 HSPA8 3312
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
43 DYRK1B  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
44 LTBR 4055
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
45 AGO2 27161
Affinity Capture-RNA Homo sapiens
46 RB1 5925
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
47 PPM1B 5495
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
48 ATP2A2 488
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
49 ATP5A1 498
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
50 MERTK 10461
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
51 HIST1H4A 8359
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
52 RB1CC1 9821
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
53 RPL4 6124
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
54 ARMC8 25852
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
55 TBR1  
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
56 TUBA1A 7846
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
57 NFIX 4784
Phenotypic Enhancement Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
58 TUFM 7284
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
59 COPB1 1315
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
60 UBE2I 7329
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
61 GID8 54994
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
62 PABPC1 26986
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
63 PRDM16 63976
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
64 TUBA1B 10376
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
65 DDX5 1655
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
66 DCAF7 10238
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
67 GLI3 2737
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
68 SMAD3 4088
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
69 EYA3  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
70 SMAD2 4087
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
71 ACTB 60
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
72 PML 5371
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
73 RPLP0 6175
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
74 LATS2 26524
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
75 SERPINA3 12
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
76 TEAD4  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
77 NLK  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
78 RMND5A 64795
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
79 SLC25A5 292
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
80 SQRDL 58472
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
81 TLX2  
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
82 HSPA5 3309
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
83 TUBB 203068
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
84 SERPINB3 6317
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
85 HADHB 3032
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
86 MOB1B 92597
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
87 UQCRC2 7385
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
88 AHNAK 79026
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
89 EPPK1 83481
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
90 RPL14 9045
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
91 ACTBL2 345651
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
92 RPS6 6194
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS) Homo sapiens
93 SMAD5 4090
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
94 S100A7A 338324
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
95 JUN 3725
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
96 TUBA4A 7277
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
97 PRMT5 10419
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
98 SAV1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
99 RPL12 6136
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
100 AKT2 208
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
101 RPL18 6141
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
102 HSPD1 3329
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
103 AKT1 207
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
104 HSPA9 3313
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
105 MYB  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
106 HSPG2 3339
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
107 RPS16 6217
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
108 TUBB2A 7280
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
109 RALBP1 10928
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
110 RARA 5914
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Co-localization Homo sapiens
111 PLEC 5339
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
112 SLC25A6 293
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
113 SKIL  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
114 WDR77 79084
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
115 TP53 7157
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
116 SIN3A  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
117 STK38 11329
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
118 SMAD1 4086
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
119 HNRNPM 4670
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
120 RPS4X 6191
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
121 SQSTM1 8878
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
122 RANBP9 10048
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
123 SMAD4  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Luminescence Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Co-crystal Structure Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
124 GRPEL1 80273
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
125 UBR3  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
126 STK38L 23012
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
127 SIRT1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
128 TUBB6 84617
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
129 AGRN 375790
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
130 ESR1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
131 TRIM37  
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
132 NCL 4691
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
133 SLC25A4 291
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
134 GLI2  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
135 CAD 790
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
136 ATP5B 506
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
137 PYGB 5834
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
138 ATP1A1 476
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
139 PRDX1 5052
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
140 RNF111 54778
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
141 SHARPIN  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
142 HIPK2 28996
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
143 SNW1 22938
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Phenotypic Suppression Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
144 GNB2L1 10399
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
145 AR 367
Proximity Label-MS Homo sapiens
146 MOB1A 55233
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
147 SPI1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
148 PRMT1 3276
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
149 MAEA 10296
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
150 TCP1 6950
Affinity Capture-MS Homo sapiens
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