Gene description for HRAS
Gene name Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
Gene symbol HRAS
Other names/aliases C-BAS/HAS
C-H-RAS
C-HA-RAS1
CTLO
H-RASIDX
HAMSV
HRAS1
RASH1
p21ras
Species Homo sapiens
 Database cross references - HRAS
ExoCarta ExoCarta_3265
Entrez Gene 3265
HGNC 5173
MIM 190020
UniProt P01112  
 HRAS identified in exosomes derived from the following tissue/cell type
Colorectal cancer cells 19837982    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Colorectal cancer cells 23161513    
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells 26054723    
Neuroblastoma cells 25944692    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Ovarian cancer cells 23333927    
Prostate cancer cells 25844599    
Squamous carcinoma cells 20124223    
Urine 15326289    
Urine 22418980    
Urine 22418980    
 Gene ontology annotations for HRAS
Molecular Function
    GTP binding GO:0005525 IDA
    protein C-terminus binding GO:0008022 IPI
    protein binding GO:0005515 IPI
Biological Process
    positive regulation of DNA replication GO:0045740 IDA
    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0045944 IDA
    signal transduction GO:0007165 NAS
    chemotaxis GO:0006935 TAS
    cell proliferation GO:0008283 IEA
    negative regulation of gene expression GO:0010629 IDA
    regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity GO:0048169 IEA
    innate immune response GO:0045087 TAS
    regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic GO:0032228 IEA
    positive regulation of MAPK cascade GO:0043410 IDA
    insulin receptor signaling pathway GO:0008286 TAS
    fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0008543 TAS
    positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation GO:0050679 IMP
    negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process GO:0043524 IEA
    positive regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization GO:2000251 IDA
    Ras protein signal transduction GO:0007265 TAS
    synaptic transmission GO:0007268 TAS
    mitotic cell cycle checkpoint GO:0007093 IDA
    cellular senescence GO:0090398 IDA
    activation of MAPKK activity GO:0000186 TAS
    cell cycle arrest GO:0007050 IMP
    positive regulation of wound healing GO:0090303 IDA
    neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway GO:0048011 TAS
    actin cytoskeleton organization GO:0030036 IEA
    endocytosis GO:0006897 IEA
    positive regulation of GTPase activity GO:0043547 IDA
    positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction GO:0035022 IEA
    social behavior GO:0035176 IEA
    ephrin receptor signaling pathway GO:0048013 TAS
    negative regulation of GTPase activity GO:0034260 IDA
    positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade GO:0070374 IDA
    small GTPase mediated signal transduction GO:0007264 TAS
    positive regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008284 IDA
    protein heterooligomerization GO:0051291 IEA
    leukocyte migration GO:0050900 TAS
    stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway GO:0002223 TAS
    positive regulation of JNK cascade GO:0046330 IDA
    axon guidance GO:0007411 TAS
    negative regulation of cell differentiation GO:0045596 IEA
    positive regulation of MAP kinase activity GO:0043406 IDA
    blood coagulation GO:0007596 TAS
    positive regulation of cell migration GO:0030335 IDA
    intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway GO:0097193 IEA
    negative regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008285 IDA
    organ morphogenesis GO:0009887 TAS
    epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0007173 TAS
    vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0048010 TAS
    Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway GO:0038095 TAS
    striated muscle cell differentiation GO:0051146 IEA
    visual learning GO:0008542 IEA
    epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis GO:0060441 IEA
    cell surface receptor signaling pathway GO:0007166 TAS
    MAPK cascade GO:0000165 TAS
    positive regulation of ruffle assembly GO:1900029 IDA
    positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process GO:2000630 IDA
    positive regulation of protein phosphorylation GO:0001934 IDA
Subcellular Localization
    nucleus GO:0005634 IEA
    Golgi apparatus GO:0005794 IDA
    plasma membrane GO:0005886 TAS
    cytoplasm GO:0005737 TAS
    perinuclear region of cytoplasm GO:0048471 IEA
    Golgi membrane GO:0000139 IEA
    cytosol GO:0005829 TAS
 Experiment description of studies that identified HRAS in exosomes
1
Experiment ID 21
ISEV standards
✔
EM|IEM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD63
EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method
Mass spectrometry   
PubMed ID 19837982    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic and bioinformatic analysis of immunoaffinity-purified exosomes derived from the human colon tumor cell line LIM1215.
Authors Suresh Mathivanan, Justin W.E. Lim, Bow J. Tauro, Hong Ji, Robert L. Moritz and Richard J. Simpson
Journal name MCP
Publication year 2009
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name LIM1215
Isolation/purification methods Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.10-1.12 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [Orbitrap]
Western blotting
2
Experiment ID 207
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
✔
VDAC
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DKO-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
3
Experiment ID 208
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
✔
VDAC
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name Dks-8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
4
Experiment ID 209
ISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
FLOT1
EV Membrane markers
✔
VDAC
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23161513    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS.
Authors Demory Beckler M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC, Coffey RJ.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2012
Sample Colorectal cancer cells
Sample name DLD-1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
5
Experiment ID 235
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|HSC70|GAPDH
EV Cytosolic markers
✘ EV Membrane markers
✔
HSP90B1
EV Negative markers
✔
qNano
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule mRNA
Identification method RNA Sequencing
PubMed ID 26054723    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes promote motility of immortalized hepatocyte through transfer of oncogenic proteins and RNAs
Authors He M, Qin H, Poon TC, Sze SC, Ding X, Co NN, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Wong N
Journal name Carcinogenesis
Publication year 2015
Sample Hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Sample name HKCI-8
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.13-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
RNA
Methods used in the study Western blotting
Mass spectrometry
RT-PCR
RNA Sequencing
6
Experiment ID 224
ISEV standards
✔
EM|AFM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD63|CD81
EV Membrane markers
✔
GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25944692    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Proteogenomic analysis reveals exosomes are more oncogenic than ectosomes
Authors Keerthikumar S, Gangoda L, Liem M, Fonseka P, Atukorala I, Ozcitti C, Mechler A, Adda CG, Ang CS, Mathivanan S
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Neuroblastoma cells
Sample name SH-SY5Y
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
OptiPrep density gradient
Flotation density 1.10 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
Western blotting
7
Experiment ID 211
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
EpCAM|TFRC
EV Membrane markers
✔
cytochrome c|GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K.
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name IGROV1
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
8
Experiment ID 212
ISEV standards
✔
CEM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
EpCAM|TFRC
EV Membrane markers
✔
Cytochrome C|GOLGA2
EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 23333927    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Characterization and proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes.
Authors Liang B, Peng P, Chen S, Li L, Zhang M, Cao D, Yang J, Li H, Gui T, Li X, Shen K.
Journal name J Proteomics
Publication year 2013
Sample Ovarian cancer cells
Sample name OVCAR-3
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.09-1.15 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
9
Experiment ID 275
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
TSG101|Alix|RAB5A
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD9|CD82|CD63|CD81
EV Membrane markers
✔
AIF
EV Negative markers
✔
NTA
EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 25844599    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Molecular profiling of prostate cancer derived exosomes may reveal a predictive signature for response to docetaxel.
Authors Kharaziha P, Chioureas D, Rutishauser D, Baltatzis G, Lennartsson L, Fonseca P, Azimi A, Hultenby K, Zubarev R, Ullen A, Yachnin J, Nilsson S, Panaretakis T.
Journal name Oncotarget
Publication year 2015
Sample Prostate cancer cells
Sample name DU145 - Docetaxel sensitive
Isolation/purification methods Filtration
Ultracentrifugation
Sucrose density gradient
Flotation density 1.12-1.19 g/mL
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry/Flow cytometry/Western blotting
10
Experiment ID 191
ISEV standards
✘ EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD81|CD9
EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 20124223    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Hypoxic tumor cell modulates its microenvironment to enhance angiogenic and metastatic potential by secretion of proteins and exosomes.
Authors Park JE, Tan HS, Datta A, Lai RC, Zhang H, Meng W, Lim SK, Sze SK.
Journal name Mol Cell Proteomics
Publication year 2010
Sample Squamous carcinoma cells
Sample name Squamous carcinoma cell (A431)
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
11
Experiment ID 13
ISEV standards
✔
IEM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|RAB4|RAB5B|RAB11|TSG101
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD9|AQP2|AQP1
EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 15326289    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine.
Authors Pisitkun T, Shen RF, Knepper MA
Journal name PNAS
Publication year 2004
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal
Isolation/purification methods Ultracentrifugation
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry [LCQ DECA XP]
Western blotting
12
Experiment ID 196
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD9
EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 22418980    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description A multiplex quantitative proteomics strategy for protein biomarker studies in urinary exosomes.
Authors Raj DA, Fiume I, Capasso G, Pocsfalvi G.
Journal name Kidney Int
Publication year 2012
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal high density
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose cushion
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
13
Experiment ID 197
ISEV standards
✔
EM
EV Biophysical techniques
✔
Alix|TSG101|HSP70
EV Cytosolic markers
✔
CD9
EV Membrane markers
✘ EV Negative markers
✘ EV Particle analysis
Identified molecule protein
Identification method Mass spectrometry
PubMed ID 22418980    
Organism Homo sapiens
Experiment description A multiplex quantitative proteomics strategy for protein biomarker studies in urinary exosomes.
Authors Raj DA, Fiume I, Capasso G, Pocsfalvi G.
Journal name Kidney Int
Publication year 2012
Sample Urine
Sample name Urine - Normal low density
Isolation/purification methods Differential centrifugation
Sucrose cushion
Flotation density -
Molecules identified in the study Protein
Methods used in the study Mass spectrometry
 Protein-protein interactions for HRAS
  Protein Interactor ExoCarta ID Identification method PubMed Species
1 GPSM2  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
2 RASA1 5921
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
3 IRAK2  
Invivo Homo sapiens
4 RAP1GDS1 5910
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
5 INSR 3643
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
6 RALGDS  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
7 PDGFB  
Invitro Homo sapiens
8 RASGRF1  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
9 SHOC2 8036
Invivo Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
10 RASGRP4  
Invitro Homo sapiens
11 PDE6D  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
12 ERBB2IP 55914
Invivo Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
13 SOS1  
Co-crystal Structure Homo sapiens
Co-crystal Structure Homo sapiens
14 LGALS1 3956
Invitro Homo sapiens
Invivo Homo sapiens
15 RASIP1  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
16 RASSF1  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
17 IRAK1  
Invivo Homo sapiens
18 RIN1  
Invitro Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
19 RALA 5898
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
20 MAP2K1 5604
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
21 PIK3CD 5293
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
22 ARHGEF1 9138
Biochemical Activity Homo sapiens
23 NF1 4763
Invitro Homo sapiens
24 RHEB 6009
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
25 DGKZ  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
26 MLLT4 4301
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
27 TTC1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
28 ZNFN1A3  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
29 PIK3CA 5290
Invivo Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
30 RAF1 5894
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invivo Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
Invitro Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
31 PIK3R1 5295
Invivo Homo sapiens
32 PIK3CG  
Invitro Homo sapiens
33 BRAF  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
34 TIAM1  
Affinity Capture-Western Homo sapiens
35 MAPK8 5599
Invivo Homo sapiens
36 RGL2  
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
37 Rgr  
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
Two-hybrid Homo sapiens
38 RASSF5 83593
Reconstituted Complex Homo sapiens
View the network image/svg+xml
 Pathways in which HRAS is involved
PathwayEvidenceSource
Activation of RAS in B cells TAS Reactome
CD209 (DC-SIGN) signaling TAS Reactome
Constitutive Signaling by EGFRvIII TAS Reactome
Constitutive Signaling by Ligand-Responsive EGFR Cancer Variants TAS Reactome
DAP12 signaling TAS Reactome
Downstream signal transduction TAS Reactome
EGFR Transactivation by Gastrin TAS Reactome
EPHB-mediated forward signaling TAS Reactome
FCERI mediated MAPK activation TAS Reactome
FRS-mediated FGFR1 signaling TAS Reactome
FRS-mediated FGFR2 signaling TAS Reactome
FRS-mediated FGFR3 signaling TAS Reactome
FRS2-mediated FGFR4 signaling TAS Reactome
GRB2 events in EGFR signaling TAS Reactome
GRB2 events in ERBB2 signaling TAS Reactome
Interleukin receptor SHC signaling TAS Reactome
Interleukin receptor SHC signaling TAS Reactome
MEK activation TAS Reactome
NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth TAS Reactome
p38MAPK events TAS Reactome
RAF activation TAS Reactome
RAF phosphorylates MEK TAS Reactome
Ras activation uopn Ca2+ infux through NMDA receptor TAS Reactome
SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR1 TAS Reactome
SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR2 TAS Reactome
SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR3 TAS Reactome
SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR4 TAS Reactome
SHC-mediated signalling TAS Reactome
SHC-mediated signalling TAS Reactome
SHC1 events in EGFR signaling TAS Reactome
SHC1 events in ERBB2 signaling TAS Reactome
SHC1 events in ERBB4 signaling TAS Reactome
Signaling by FGFR1 mutants TAS Reactome
Signaling by FGFR2 mutants TAS Reactome
Signaling by FGFR3 mutants TAS Reactome
Signaling by FGFR4 mutants TAS Reactome
Signaling by SCF-KIT TAS Reactome
Signalling to RAS TAS Reactome
SOS-mediated signalling TAS Reactome
SOS-mediated signalling TAS Reactome
Tie2 Signaling TAS Reactome
VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferation TAS Reactome





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